【作者】 吴磊；

【导师】 冯江；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 翼手目的19科中有14科缺少出生后生长发育的数据,在已知蝙蝠种类中,对生长发育进行过研究的不超过3%,并且80%的研究局限于蝙蝠科,尤其是温带蝙蝠。研究蝙蝠出生后生长和母婴交流行为有利于理解其生活史,同时对其生态学、行为学和发育模式非常重要。因此,对蝙蝠个体发育和母婴交流的研究一直是国内外蝙蝠研究的重点和热点。 本论文利用标记重捕法对马铁菊头蝠和水鼠耳蝠幼蝠发育各阶段回声定位声波变化进行了研究,通过测量前臂长和骺间距来获得水鼠耳蝠幼蝠的年龄预测方程。在野外自建网室和大砬子洞内分别研究了马铁菊头蝠和水鼠耳蝠的母婴交流。研究结果表明: 1.马铁菊头蝠声波主频率、声脉冲时间随幼蝠的生长发育而逐渐升高;水鼠耳蝠声波主频率随幼蝠的生长发育而逐渐升高。声波声脉冲时间、声脉冲间隔随生长发育而缩短。 2.水鼠耳蝠幼蝠雏后增长初期前臂长呈线性方式增长,随后增长变得缓慢。骺间距在前13天迅速增加,然后线性下降,随着其接近闭合值而逐渐减小。雏后增长期的前13天,前臂长是估测年龄最准确的变量;13天以后,骺间距是估算年龄最可靠的变量。 3.马铁菊头蝠和水鼠耳蝠母婴间通过气味和叫声相互识别。随着幼蝠的生长发育,母婴间的相互联系会随之减少,在哺乳期后期,幼蝠更加主动地靠近母蝠,母蝠却对幼蝠变得十分冷淡。2种蝙蝠的母蝠仅哺育种内具有亲子关系的幼蝠,不存在种内共同育婴的现象。 4.马铁菊头蝠母蝠接近幼蝠时声波特征与悬挂状态相比存在显著差异。主频率前者显著高于后者(t=4.79,p<0.05),声脉冲持续时间和间隔时间前者显著低于后者(分别为t=-3.67,p<0.05;t=-17.88,p<0.05);水鼠耳蝠母蝠接近幼蝠时声波特征与悬挂状态相比也存在显著差异。主频率前者显著低于后者(t=-2.46,p<0.05),声脉冲持续时间前者显著高于后者(t=4.46,p<0.05),声脉冲间隔在两种状态下差异性不显著(t=-1.92,p>0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 14 of the 19 chiropteran families lack data on postnatal growth, and <3% of known bat species have been investigated regarding their growth and development. Eighty percent of studies on postnatal growth are restricted to the family Vespertilionidae, particularly bats of the temperate zone. Studies on subsequent postnatal growth and on mother-infant communication of bats are important for understanding the aspects of their life history and for understanding a wide range of ecological, behavioral, and developmental patterns. Study of postnatal growth and Mother-infant communication of bats is one of the major fields in bats study.Changes in the echolocation calls of young Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Myotis daubentoni at different growth stages were researched by marking and recapturing method in this paper. The equation for estimating age of young M. daubentoni was obtained by measuring length of forearm and length of the total gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal joint. The behaviors of the mother-infant communication of R. ferrumequinum and M. daubentoni were observed in a laboratory (volume: 9m×4m×4m) and the Dalazi cave in the field. The results were as follows:1. The dominant frequency and pulse duration were increased when young greater horseshoe bats grew increasingly. However, only was the dominant frequency increased when young M. daubentoni grew increasingly, but the pulse duration and interpulse interval were decreased.2. Length of forearm of M. daubentoni followed a linear pattern of growth at early stage of postnatal growth, but the rate of increase decreased therafter. The length of the total gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal joint showed a linear increase up to 13 days, followed by a linear decrease until it closed. Length of forearm was the best parameter for estimation of age of M. daubentoni before 13 days after birth, but afer 13 days of age, the total gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal was the best one.3. The mothers and their infants of R. ferrumequinum and M. daubentoni were identified each other by the smell and calls emitted by them. Following the growth of young bats, the relationships of mother and infant were decreased. At the late of lactation, the young bats would close with their mothers, but the mothers became lack of interest with the young. Mother of two species of bats only nurtured the young bats which were produced by themselves, and the common nurturing young bats at intraspecies level was not observed.4. There were some significant differences of echolocation calls between the greater horseshoe bats closed with their young bats and they hung. At this first state, the dominantfrequency was higher than that at the later state (t=4.79, p<0.05), but pulse duration and interpulse interval were lower (t=-3.67, p<0.05;t=-17.88, p<0.05, respectively). There were also some significant differences of calls emitted by M. daubentoni between the bats approached their young bats and they hung. At the first state, the dominant frequency was lower than that at the later state (t=-2.46, p<0.05), but the pulse duration was higher (t=4.46, p<0.05). Furthermore, the interpulse interval was not significant difference at two states (t=-1.92, p>0.05).更多还原