【作者】 张喜臣；

【导师】 冯江；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 2005年7至8月夜间,在云南省昆明市晋宁县双河乡法古甸村仙人洞(102°20′E,24°30′N)自建模拟实验室(9 m×4 m×4 m)开展野外工作。以大耳菊头蝠(Rhinolophusmacrotis)为研究对象,对其进行形态测量、驯养,录制回声定位声波,观察捕食行为,收集并鉴定食物残次,分析夏季食物组成。研究表明:(1)飞行和悬挂状态下,大耳菊头蝠叫声类型均为FM(调频)-CF(恒频)-FM(调频)型,谐波数量为2-4个,多为2个,主频率(DF)主要集中于第2谐波的CF组分,每次发声多为1个脉冲。飞行时发射的单脉冲除主频和脉冲间隔短于悬挂状态下的之外,其余参数均大于悬挂状态下相应参数的值。飞行时,大耳菊头蝠叫声偶尔包含3-4个脉冲。(2)大耳菊头蝠夏季主要捕食鳞翅目昆虫,分属8个科,主要以尺蛾科Geometridae(37.9%,数量百分比)、枯叶蛾科Lasiocampidae(24.1%)和夜蛾科Noctuidae (20.7 %)为主,多为具听器(72.4%)的中型猎物(66.67%)。实验室内还观察到大耳菊头捕食双翅目蚊科昆虫。(3)大耳菊头蝠可进行空中飞行捕食、掠食和地面拾遗式捕食,不进行鹟式捕食。大耳菊头蝠的大部分猎物通过空中飞行捕食获得;对除鳞翅目昆虫以外的大型猎物进行掠食。同时,论文探讨了大耳菊头蝠食物组成与蝙蝠形态特征、捕食昆虫体型及捕食生境间的相互关系,为进一步研究菊头蝠科蝙蝠与鳞翅目昆虫间的协同进化奠定基础,并对蝙蝠保护和森林生态系统病虫害的生物防治具有重要的指导意义更多还原

【Abstract】 At every night from July to August 2005, the field work was conducted at Xianren Cave(102°20′E,24°30′N) at Fagudian County in Yunnan, China. The field lab (9 m ×4 m×4 m)was established with bamboo and nylon net (25mm×25mm). As a studying object, the bodysizes of bats of Rhinolophus macrotis were measured, as well as the echolocation calls wererecorded and analyzed, and the foraging behavior was observed. At the same time, theremains of the insects that bats preyed were collected, so that the summer diets wereidentified.(1)At the states of flying and hanging, the calls of bats of Rhinolophus macrotis wereboth FM-CF-FM with 2-4 harmonics. The dominant frequency concentrated in 2nd harmonic.Except the dominant frequency and interpulse interval, all the other parameters of the callsemitted during flying were higher than those of calls emitted during hanging. Some time thebats can produce calls with 3-4 harmonics during flying.(2) The bats of bats of Rhinolophus macrotis mainly preyed insects of lepidoptera,including 8 families, such as Geometridae(37.9%,quality percent), Lasiocampidae(24.1%),Noctuidae (20.7 %) and so on.(3)The bats of Rhinolophus macrotis can forage by strategies including air flyingcatching and gleaning, but they couldn’t flying catch. They caught insects mostly though airflying catching, and caught big insects except lepidoptera through gleaning.The relationship between diet and morphology, insects size and foraging habitats wasdiscussed, which could be the base of further study on co-evolution between bats ofRhinolophus and insects of lepidoptera and could supply directive significance for batsprotection and prevention and curing of plant diseases and insect pests.更多还原