【作者】 王绪琴；

【导师】 张富国；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 “道”为老子哲学的中心范畴,是形上的本体。本文从创生论和天人合一论的角度去阐发,由此可知,道是宇宙“生生大化”的本体依据,而人道当效法天道而获得安身立命之本。但天道与人道不是主客二分之道,而是一道。人与天一也,天道和人道本为一道,言天道时有人道,论人道时不离天道。天道与人道不是道的二元分立,而是道的一体两仪。通过对《老子》文本的历史主义还原式解读,知道“自然”的本义并非今日所说的自然界,而是指“自己如此”。“自然”是道的存在方式或内在属性,而“道法自然”是老子哲学的中心价值,进一步推证出“道法自然”即是“人法自然”。接着,对“道法自然”的理论特征从本体论、认识论和价值论三个层面进行了探讨,得出一致的结论是“道法自然”有利于宇宙和人类的生生不已。老子之所以要进行“究天人之际”终极的追问,是要人类由认识天之“本然”而知人之“应然”,归底还是对人的终极关怀。老子哲学的“天道自然”的宇宙观落实到人生领域则为“无为而无不为”的人生观,本文从“不妄为”、“不他为”和“不私为”三个层面对“无为”思想进行了解析。指出老子主张“无为”不是消极地无所作为,而是要学会善为,否则人类的生存发展无法为继。最后,老子的宇宙观和人生观体现的社会观即为“小国寡民”的社会理想模式。本文对《老子》的第八十章进行了详细的解读,认为“小国寡民”思想并不是开历史的倒车,要求人类回到原始蒙昧的生存状态中去,而是表达了老子的社会改造的构想,要求人类在达到一定的文明阶段时,能知其文明,守其素朴,不被文明(尤其物质文明)本身所异化,一定程度上可以认为这是一种精神境界的追求。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Dao” lies in the main field of Laocius’s Philosophy. It is the metaphysical ontology.Starting from the aspect on the theory of creation and the theory of “nature and man unit asone”, it can be known that “Dao” is the ontological basis of the changing of the universe.“Ren Dao” should follow “Tian Dao” to obtain its basic living condition. By analyzing thetext of Lao-tzu, the author points out the original meaning of “Zi Ran” does not mean thenature people usually think. “Zi Ran” is the form of Dao’s existence or its inner property and“Dao” obeys “Zi Ran” is the main value of Lao Zi’s philosophy. It further proves that “Dao”is “Man” ,the author discusses on the main character of the theory of “Dao obeys Zi Ran”from the three aspects of ontology, epistemology and theory of value. In conclusion “Daoobeys Zi Ran” is helpful to the existence of the universe and human being.The word of view of Laocius’s Philosophy of “Tian Dao Zi Ran” is the outlook on life of“Wu Wei er Wu Bu Wei” when it comes to thought of “Wu Wei” from three aspects: “BuWang Wei” “Bu Ta Wei” “Bu Si Wei” , it points out that “Wu Wei” advocated by Lao Zi is notnegative “nothing to do” , but the “Shan Wei”, or human being can not continue their lives. Inthe end, the society outlook ie “Small state with simple people” advocated by Lao Zi is theidle social pattern. The paper gives a detail study on chapter 80 of Lao-tzu. The authorbelieves that the wheel of the thought of “small state with simple people” does not drivebackwardly to make people return to the primitive state, instead it indicates Lao Zi’sconception of society reform, it demands people to have ability to realize their civilization andkeep a kind of simple and plain life, to prevent to be alienated by the civilization, in a sense ,itcan be regarded as a kind of pursuit for the spiritual state.更多还原