【作者】 王伟伟；

【导师】 傅海伦；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从当前新课程改革的背景和对目前高中教师对数学新课程中选修专题“风险与决策”内容的相关知识背景的现状调查和分析入手,对选修专题“风险与决策”的设置及其教学进行了初步研究。文章对数学新课程改革中首次加入的“风险与决策”专题内容进行了其必要性的分析,研究了其内容设置和特点,进行了关于其教学的理论基础分析,对其教学设计作了初步探索,并提出了在实施中的另外的一些相关建议。新课程改革中“风险与决策”内容在选修系列4中作为第9个专题出现在高中数学课程中,本文从国际数学课程改革与发展趋势、数学学科自身的发展、社会发展的要求、学生自身的发展需要四个方面探讨了新课程改革中“风险与决策”内容设置的必要性,并对风险与决策内容的设置作了分析,建立了内容结构表并简要分析了其设置特点。由于“风险与决策”专题内容的教学设计需要以相关理论为基础,所以本文选取了建构主义理论、人本主义理论、杜威的经验主义、反思性实践与反思性思维理论作为依据,并获得了许多有益的启示。建构主义在数学教学中的具体应用包括:积极创设问题情境;努力提出有价值的问题;提倡数学实验;启发学生积极探究;引导学生学会反思。我们在风险与决策内容的教学中可以应用这些策略来进行相关教学。最近发展区理论作为一个重要理论对教学设计也有重要的启发作用。人本主义理论指导我们要“以学生的发展为本”进行教学设计,经验主义理论启示风险与决策内容的学习要建立在学生日常生活经验的基础上,反思性实践和反思性思维理论对教师在风险与决策的教学过程中进行反思探究也有着重要的指导意义。本文在新课程教学设计的基本理念的指导下,从教学目标、教学过程和教学评价三个方面对风险与决策的教学设计进行了初步的系统性的研究:在教学设计理念的指导下,研究设置了本选修专题的教学目标分析表,从以下几个方面对教更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the investigation and analysis of the background of new curriculumreformation and the statement of the high school teachers’ related knowledge on theelective subject "Risk-based Decision Making" in the new mathematics courses, thepaper takes an elementary research on the setting of the elective subject "Risk-basedDecision Making" and its teaching. In the paper, it analyses the necessity of the"risk-based decision making" which was first fixed in the new reformation onMath-course, and researches its content setting and characteristic. The paper analysesthe basis of related theories on its teaching, does some elementary explore on itsteaching design, and also gives some related suggestions in the implementation.As the 9th subject in the 4th elective series, "Risk-based Decision Making" appearsin the mathematics course of high school in the new curriculum reformation. The essayprobes into the necessity of "Risk-based Decision Making" in the new curriculumreformation from the following aspects: the reformation and development trend ofinternational mathematics curriculum, the development of mathematics, the request ofthe social development and the need of students’ development. In the paper, it alsoanalyses the content setting of "Risk-based Decision Making", builds up contentsstructure form and analyses its characteristics briefly.Because the teaching design of "Risk-based Decision Making" needs basing onrelated theories, the essay chooses constructivism, humanism, Dewey’s empiricism,reflective practice and reflective thinking theory as a basis, and acquires machbeneficial inspiration. In mathematics teaching, the concrete applications ofConstructivism includes: establishing a problem scene actively, proposing worthyproblems hardly, advocating mathematics experiments, enlightening the students toinvestigate actively and guiding the students to learn introspecting. We can apply thesestrategies to the teaching of “Risk-based Decision Making”. As an important theory,theory of The Zone of Proximal Development has an importantly heuristic effect onteaching design. Humanism instructs us that teaching design should be based onstudents’ development. Empiricism inspires that studying the content of “Risk-basedDecision Making” is supposed to be build on students’ daily experience. In the course ofteaching “Risk-based Decision Making”, reflective practice and reflective thinkingtheory also can direct teachers to carry on reflection and investigation.Under the instruction of basic belief of new-courses-teaching philosophy, the paperresearches on the teaching design of “Risk-based Decision Making” elementarily andsystematically through three aspects including teaching target, teaching process andteaching evaluation. Under the instruction of basic belief of the new course teachingdesign: we researches and establishes the teaching target analysis form of this electivesubject, and analyses teaching process from the following sides: 1. Designing teachingactivities should be based on students’ development;2. The teaching content shouldvalue the actual background of the theoretic knowledge;3. While attaching importanceto the basic knowledge, it should develop the students’ abilities of making use of“Risk-based Decision Making” to solve problems;4. Teachers should provide thefulfillment opportunities, so that students can experience the whole process of usingdecision knowledge to solve problems;5. It should establish a scene and stress theeffect of “Risk-based Decision Making” in resolving the actual problems, so that thestudents’ consciousness of mathematics application can be promoted;6. It can make useof “Risk-based Decision Making” to perfect students’ daily thinking abilities. In thepaper, it briefly analyzes teaching evaluation from three aspects below: evaluationcontent should be comprehensive, carrying out dynamic evaluation and diversificationof evaluation. It also uses the concept and characteristic of risk as the case to carry onteaching design.Through theoretic analysis, the paper also puts forward some suggestions inimplementing the content of “Risk-based Decision Making”, which includes:suggestions on compiling teaching material, suggestions on preparing lessons forteaching, suggestions on how to select courses and suggestions on the time when thecourse starts.更多还原