【作者】 吴文静；

【导师】 隽志才；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 交通标志是公路交通安全中有效的主动防护设施之一,合理的交通标志设计和设置可以显著地提高公路的使用效率和安全性。本文主要以交通标志——警告标志为研究对象,通过对驾驶员心理和行为的影响分析,对警告交通标志的设置有效性进行了研究。通过问卷调查总结分析了现有交通标志设置中存在的问题,论证了将心理学和人机工学原理应用于交通标志设计和设置的必要性;运用驾驶员行为模型对警告标志设置后的效果进行了分析;提出了以道路危险点等级作为选择警告标志的设置地点的依据,并给出了危险点判定的方法:事故率系数法和安全系数法;在分析警告标志的设置对驾驶员整体危险感知影响的基础上,提出了设置优化的判断依据;并将驾驶员对危险点的感知分为高估、正确和低估三种情况对驾驶员行为模型进行量化,以安全性和经济性为目标,运用计算机模拟计算给出了此三种情况下的不同设置的优化策略。结果表明,当标志设置的正面效应抵消或大于对驾驶员整体危险感知产生的负面效应时,标志的设置是有效的;且从安全性角度出发建议提高驾驶员正确估计标志设置处危险性的能力。该优化方法及结果为交通管理部门对现有的警告标志设置的改进提供参考,以更好的发挥道路交通标志的管理功能和服务功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper relies on the scientific construction project of western transportation,“The research on the recognition and setting effectively of road traffic signs”, andusing the theory of psychology and ergonomics, studies the effective setting ofwarning signs. This paper discusses the drivers’ mentality and behaviors whichinfluenced by waning signs, analyses the setting basis and means, and applying amodel of driver behavior, using computer technology to optimize the setting ofwarning signs.The safety of road traffic in our country is not very optimistic now, andaccident rates increased year after year. Traffic signs, as the illustration of road,play an important role in the safety establishment of road traffic. But, sometimesthe improperness of designs and settings will puzzled drivers, and increase theburden of driving, which will take the drivers unsafe. The researches of trafficsigns are necessary, and will provide some knowledge to the further process in theimprovement of road using and safety.Warning signs is an important component of traffic signs, which could makeroad uses, notice the potential dangers and improve drivers’ perceptions.Comparing with other means such as road rebuild, the setting of warning is a besteconomy way to improve the safety of road, so it is in common use. But the trafficmanagement department usually sets the warning signs according to the criterionautomatically, and sometimes makes signs setting improperly. They only attentionthat the use of warning signs could improve the drivers perception to dangeroussites, but ignores the influence of drivers’ mentality, and not care the redundantsettings could weaken the accurate perception abilities of drivers to road danger. So,the effective warning signs setting should take the drivers as the focus, and satisfythe road users’ driving needs, also should well consider the characters of roaditself.We use six chapters in this paper to describe these techniques in details and wewill introduce each chapter title and its main contents respectively now.Chapter1 the introduction In this chapter we introduce the purpose andsignificance of the research, and introduce the current research status in domesticand foreign countries, study contents and methods, and so on.Chapter2 the introduction of traffic signs In this chapter we introduce thebasis knowledge of traffic signs such as its function, the development of criterion,the component of sign and its classes, and based on the questionnaire, we concludethe main problems of traffic signs setting.Chapter3 the effect of warning signs setting In this chapter we introduce thebasis information of warning firstly, and apply a driver behavior model whichbased on the analysis of the journey time costs and risk losing of accident toanalyze the effect of warning signs setting, at last we conclude the requirements ofwarning signs setting.Chapter4 the choice basis of warning signs setting In this chapter weintroduce the basis of warning signs setting, and apply two methods to find out thedangerous sites of road, accident rate method and safety rate method, at last weconclude the choice basis of the setting site of warning signs.Chapter5 the optimal setting of warning sign In this chapter we establish themodel based on the analysis of drivers perception characteristics of warning signs,and conclude the optimal setting basis of warning signs. We quantify the modelaccording to the different perception ways of dangerous, they are overrate, accurateand underestimate, and optimize the warning signs setting using the method ofcomputer simulation.Chapter6 the conclusion In this chapter we summarize the main researchcontents and results and also the contents needed to more study.The main results of this article are as follows:1. We conclude the main problems of traffic signs setting by questionnaire, andthe research provides some knowledge to improve the efficiency of setting byapplying the theory of psychology and ergonomics.2. We apply a driver behavior model, which based on the analysis of thejourney time costs and risk losing of accident, to analyze the effect of warningsigns setting, and conclude that warning signs should set according to thedangerous rates of the road sites and avoid the blindness. We also apply twomethods to find out the dangerous sites of roads, accident rate method and safetyrate method.3. We analyze the perception influence of drivers to the setting of warningsigns by applying the theory of psychology and ergonomics. We concludes that theeffective warning signs should make the positive effects of setting offsets oroverlaps the negative effects to the drivers’ risk perception abilities. This resulttakes some advises to optimize signs setting by the traffic management department.4. We quantify the model according to the different perception ways ofdangerous, they are overrate, accurate and underestimate, and from the point ofsafety and economy, we optimize the warning signs setting by using the computersoftware C++, which could compile the program to accomplish a complicatedcalculation. When chose stochastic data, we ascertains the range of the parametersby the way of trial calculate and repeating checking. The simulation results wegained offer a reference to the improvement of warning signs setting.更多还原