【作者】 周长明；

【导师】 张学成；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 监视和控制(监控)对于大型复杂设备而言,有着特殊的重要性。大型意味着一般人力都较难以企及,复杂意味着技术难度大,在保证设备工作精度的前提下,只有准确地监控设备的工作过程和工作状态,才能使设备在可掌控的环境下工作并完成生产任务。而只有实现监控的自动化,才能使设备更易于操作,减轻工人的劳动强度,并使设备较易被接受和广泛应用。静重式力标准机是用于检定负荷传感器、进行力值计量和力值比对的复杂、精密仪器设备。这里以1MN静重式力标准机为对象,研究和探讨大型复杂设备监控的自动、简单、直观和形象化问题。本文在以下几个方面进行详细地分析研究,对涉及的问题都提出了切实可行的解决方法并已应用于实践,主要内容有:1.详细分析了1MN静重式力标准机的机械结构及其特点;2.在充分了解1MN静重式力标准机的机械结构的基础之上,进一步分析了其监控系统的组成及实现方法;3.对力标准机加载过程的砝码倒换方法及其控制问题进行了详细研究分析;4.在前人工作基础之上,进一步探讨了信息与智能监控之间的关系,以及设备与主控微机之间信息交换的最佳接口技术方法;5.在充分讨论目前常用的、先进的状态监控理论和方法的基础上,实现了图形界面的更加全面、更加形象化、真正动画的显示效果;6.提出并初步实现了智能容错技术思想方法在力标准机工作状态监控及故障诊断中的应用。以上是本文介绍的重点,其中所采用的分析方法和解决方法经过实践证明是正确的、可行的,达到了满意的监控效果。所采用的理论方法不仅适用于本设备,而且也适用于同类型的设备。更多还原

【Abstract】 The surveillance and the control (monitoring) says regarding the large-scalecomplex equipment, has the special importance. Large-scale meant the generalmanpower all withdifficultyhopes toattainorequal,complex meant thetechnicaldifficulty is big, in under guarantee equipment work precision premise, only thenaccurately the monitoring equipment work process and the working mode activestatus, can cause the equipment to work under to be possible the controlenvironment and to complete the production task. But only then the realizationmonitoring automation, can cause the equipment to operate easily, reducesworker’s labor intensity, and causes the equipment easily to accept with thewidespread application. This article takes the 1MN dead weight force standardmachine as the object, to research and discuss large-scale complex equipmentmonitors’automatic, simple, direct-viewing and the visualized question. Andconducts the detailed analysis research in following several aspects, to thequestion which involves all proposed practical ,feasible, and reasonable solutionandhasappliedinthepractice,themaincontentincludes:1.Analyzesthe1MNdeadweightforcestandardmachine’smechanismThe 1MN dead weight force standard machine’s mechanism is extremelycomplex, must carry on the detailed analysis to each executive component, graspits mechanism, and be familiar with its work process. The main mechanical partincludes:Theweights-criterionofforcedetection,theclaw-supportstheweightsinstallment, the fixed cage -lays aside the weights installment, moving cage -equipment of carrying weights, preloading device –equipment of forcing thesuspending device, suspending device -equipment of bearing the inspectingweights lever device –equipment of balancing the suspending device’s weight,preventing swing device –equipment of preventing the swing of the suspendingdevice. This article has analyzed the above part in detail, thus it is use ofunderstanding the function of each executive component, the entire test processandtherealizationprinciple.2.Analyzes the 1MN dead weight force standard machine’s surveillance andcontrolsystemThe1MNdead weight forcestandard machine has so manyexecutiveequipments,the process is complex and the control difficultyis big. This article introduces onekind of three level of controls patterns, the first level is the industry controlcomputer, it’s a platform and a interface for workers to operate the machine. Thesecond level is composed by PLC and the singlechip, whose functions are toreceive the orders of the industrial computer ,to drive the executing equipmentsand to send back all status real time. The third level is the executive equipmentsthat are the main components of the 1MN dead weight force standard machine.The industrial computer sends orders to the PLC and the singlechip and receivesorders from them by serial interface. There is introduction in this thesis aboutseriescommunicationindetail.3.Analyzes the 1MN dead weightforce standard machine’sreplacing weightsmethodanditscontrolquestioninloadingprocessFortraditionaldeadweight forcestandardmachine,sameweightsonlycanuseonce together in the different strength value combination, namely in an increaseexperiment circulation, some weights once is selected, in the subordinate loadcombination it cannot again use. Therefore it can not but increase the weights fortherealizationas far as possiblemanystrengthvaluecombination,thus creates theusual equipment volume huge, structure complex, the strength value combinationprogression are few or something. However, the method of replacing weights isone important dead weight force standard machine technology method. it mayreduce the weights quantity, increase the test scope, and reduce the equipmentvolume. The merit of replacing weights method is prominent byapplying it to thedead weight force standard machine. The control measure of replacing weights isactuallycorrectandeffective.4.ThemonitoringsoftwareestablishmentIn this thesis we give priorityto introducingtheindustrial computer’s softwareprogramming by being use of Visual C++. The software controls the PLC, thesinglechip and two 2000 instruments by series ports. We mostly think of visiblecontrol, lifelikeness displayand what Isee is what Iget in choice of interface. Wecan make use of the VC++’s programming power, to make the control processvisibly and to make the control display vividly. That is we can see every order’sexecuting process by cartoons in the display device. The interface is made up ofToorBar, Menu and Control picture. The control interface is familiar with the1MNDNFM’s structure and operators can operate 1MN dead weight forcestandard machine by spot pictures and buttons. We program universal processingdatasoftwarethatcandealwithdatagatheredfromdifferentmachine.Theseareemphasesinthisthesis.Analysiswaysandsolvingmeasureappliedinit are applicable for both the 1MN dead weight force standard machine and otherdevices similar. The software is success in applying two other force machines andattainingsatisfyingpurpose.5. Intelligent fault-tolerant technology thought application in dead weightforcestandardmachineoperatingsoftwareThe intelligent fault-tolerant technology is absolutely necessarily to designreliable system. It involves in the system theory, the information theory, thecybernetics, the breakdown diagnosis, the artificial intelligence, the expert systemand the computer and so on the multi-disciplinary knowledge and the technicalemerging comprehensive discipline. In the article it introduces the intelligentfault-tolerant technologyelementaryknowledge and its application in dead weightforce standard machine’s control software emphatically. Indeed, large-scale meansthe general manpower all with difficulty hopes to attain or equal, complex meansthe technical difficulty is big. Therefore, in the equipment movement, it isinevitable to have so many breakdowns. They not only reduce the equipmentreliability, the stability, but also reduce the production efficiency. We fully use thethought of intelligent fault-tolerant technology in the dead weight force standardmachine’s control software. So it is greatly advantageous to the equipmentstabilityandthereliableenhancement.更多还原