【作者】 李军锋；

【导师】 李天文；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 分形理论在地学领域的应用,使人们对自然界许多不规则、复杂的几何体的认识进一步加深,尤其对许多难以用传统几何形式表达的自然形体的研究提供了全新的思路和有力的工具,为分形地貌学的研究奠定了基础。本研究在广泛总结前人研究成果与经验的基础上,将分形理论分别与地形等高线、沟谷网络系统结合起来研究黄土高原地貌规律,提出了等高线分维值(FDC)和沟谷网络分维值(FDG)两个概念,在深入分析各自所蕴涵地学意义基础上,探讨了各自在陕北黄土高原的空间分异规律。首先,从分形原理出发,对地形等高线的分形特征进行了分析,论述了基于GIS的分形维数计算原理和方法,并提取七个实验样区的等高线分维值,通过与沟壑密度的比较分析,阐述了等高线分维值的地学意义,并就不同高程等高线分维值柱状图形态特征与地貌类型之间的关系进行了探讨,在此基础上,论述了等高线分维值在陕北黄土高原的空间分异规律;其次,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,建立了基于DEM的沟谷网络分维值计算模型,在深入分析沟谷网络分维值地学意义的基础上,探讨了其在陕北黄土高原的空间分异规律。从研究结果看,文中所提出的等高线分维值和沟谷网络分维值两个概念能够从不同的角度综合反映黄土高原地貌类型及地表形态特征,并且能够对其进行量化表达,对研究区域地貌特征及区域间地貌的差异具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of fractal theory in geography made the cognition of people for a lot of anomalistic, complicated geometric forms in nature deepen, and provided new idea and powerful tools especially for many natural forms which were not easy to expressed by traditional geometric forms, which lay a foundation for Fractal Geomorphology. In the first, an academic concept of fractal dimension of contour(FDC) and fractal dimension of gully network(FDG) were put forward on the basis of summarizing the formers’ research results and research experience extensively;In the second, taken the Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi Province as the research area, this dissertation discussed the calculation principle and methods of FDC and FDG based on GIS, as well as established the extraction model of FDC and FDG respectively;In the third, this dissertation analyzed profoundly the relief meanings that FDC and FDG contained, and ascertained the characteristics of FDC and FDG in describing the relief form through the comparison of FDC and FDG with gully density. At last, the spatial distribution law of FDC and FDG in the Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi Province were expatiated. According to the results of experiments, FDC and FDG could not only describe the fluctuation of terrain, also could reflect erosion and incision degree of the earth’s surface.更多还原