【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 张仁慧；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 环境问题和发展经济这对孪生子自从人类进入工业时代起,就形影不离地影响着人类。然而,直至人类从过去环境资源充裕的天堂步入现今环境物品和服务已不再有充足供给的窘境,才意识到发展经济身后紧随着他的孪生兄弟——环境问题,才发现自然资源的稀缺性。森林作为一种重要的环境资源,其面积的日渐萎缩、树种的日益减少已引起人类的高度重视。 本文从生态环境补偿的认识入手,深入探讨了生态环境补偿的概念和内涵,对森林生态环境补偿的理论基础、补偿原则进行全面、系统地分析。在此研究基础上,以蓝田县退耕还林为例,运用环境经济学理论方法对蓝田县森林生态环境补偿价值核算进行了探讨,试图通过建立森林生态环境补偿标准将开发利用所产生的外部性内部化,并得出以下结论: (1)在大量文献资料的研究基础上,以蓝田县退耕还林工程为例分析了蓝田县森林生态环境价值补偿的现状,发现森林生态环境价值补偿存在责任不明、资金不足、标准偏低、后续利用和补偿不明确等问题,并提出解决途径; (2)用市场价值法、机会成本法、重置成本法和防护费用法等四种方法计算蓝田县退耕还林的补偿价值,并与实际补偿额进行比较,确定了每种方法在计算其补偿价值时的侧重点; (3)在蓝田县退耕还林价值补偿分析的基础上,利用四种环境经济学方法在计算其补偿价值时侧重点的不同,综合运用其中三种方法对蓝田县森林生态环境补偿价值进行核算,并核算出补偿金额; (4)为实现蓝田县森林生态环境补偿价值提出了退耕还林政策优化的路径。 通过对蓝田森林生态环境补偿价值的核算,论文结合蓝田社会经济发展实际情况,就解决森林生态环境补偿问题提出了建设性意见与对策,以期为蓝田及其周边地区进一步完善具有地方特色的生态环境建设和经济建设实践提供参考,为经济、社会和环境的协调与可持续发展研究提供一条新的分析思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental problem and economic development both affect mankind since mankind enter the industry ages. Developing economy caused the environmental problems. With the progress of society and the development of economy, the environmental problem is getting serious day by day, However, people didn’t realize the scarcity of natural resources until we faced the embarrassment of lacking environmental products and services .As a kind of important environmental resource, forest’s area and variety is decreasing step by step .it is very important to protect the forest.The thesis discusses the concept and intension of forest ecological environment compensation deeply, and analyses its theoretical foundation and compensation principle systematically. On the basis, taking example for returning farmland to forest in Lantian county, the thesis reckon the value of forest ecological environment compensation with three environmental economic methods. Some main conclusions were as follows:(1) There are some problems in forest ecological environment compensation, for example, undefined duty, shortage of fund, low standard, the next utilize and the compensation are uncertain. And some methods are given to solve it.(2) With Market value approach, Opportunity cost approach, Replacement cost approach, Defensive expenditure approach, the thesis reckon the value of returning farmland to forest in Lantian county, and conclude the emphasis of per approach.(3) Taking example for returning farmland to forest in Lantian county, the thesis reckon the value of forest ecological environment compensation with three environmental economic methods.(4) The thesis proposes some constructive countermeasures to realize the valve of forest ecological environment compensation in Lantian county.On the basis of the above analyses current situation of Social economic in this region ,and reckons the value of forest ecological environment compensation, the thesis proposes some constructive countermeasures . For hoping to offer some reference to construction of ecological environment and economy in this region, and make a new thinking to realize coordinate and sustainable development among society, economy and environment.更多还原