【作者】 石杰；

【导师】 吴双全；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民商法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,网络游戏在中国飞速成长,随之而来的虚拟财产开始浮出水面。然而,随着游戏运营商业行为的日益规范化,游戏运营商与玩家之间、玩家与玩家之间针对游戏资源而发生的矛盾也越来越激化。尤其近两三年来,有关虚拟财产的纠纷频频亮相公堂。 这就使得虚拟财产的确认与保护已经成为一个新的法律研究课题,并且对现行法律提出了强有力的挑战。对虚拟财产的研究将不断推动传统法理、民法等在信息时代的发展,而且在司法实践上,也会对解决虚拟财产引发的民事、刑事以及行政纠纷有所裨益。 笔者认为,“虚拟”一词有一般意义和技术意义之分。所以,尽管时下存在于网络空间的虚拟财产千姿百态、不一而足,但从法律的角度看,虚拟财产大致可分为两种:一是广义的虚拟财产,二是狭义的虚拟财产,由于狭义的虚拟财产已经超脱了纯粹的网络环境,而成为了具有法律意义的财物,即与社会现实发生了联系而具备了现实世界里的交换价值,法律就不能对其漠视。 虚拟财产的法律界定问题,是现阶段虚拟财产研究的重点和难点。 就虚拟财产的法律地位,即虚拟财产是否属于法律上的财产,目前存在肯定论和否定论两种观点。笔者认为,否定论者的上述观点存在重大有缺陷。基于法学上的财产与经济学上的财产关系的分析,虚拟财产具有财产的一切法律特征,理应受到一定法律的承认与保护,从而得出虚拟财产否定论之否定的结论。当然,虚拟财产又是一种新型财产形态,并区别于传统(形态)财产。 在虚拟财产否定之否定的基础上,针对虚拟财产肯定论,即认可虚拟财产的财产属性,但应当将其归类于哪一种性质的财产权利却众说纷纭,存在三种代表意见:物权说、知识产权说与债权说。 分析游戏运营商与玩家之间的法律关系,其实是一种基本的服务合同关系,玩家享有的对虚拟财产的权利的性质实质上是一种通过合同确立的债权。虚拟财产是玩家请求ISP提供游戏服务的债权凭证,而建立在虚拟财产上的这种类似于有价证券的由债权向物权渗透的现象,我们不妨认为是现代社会债权物权化的又更多还原

【Abstract】 The netgame has developed rapidly in China recently, leading to the appearance of the virtual property. Thereafter, with the netgame’s commercial operation, the issues about netgame resources between the Internet service provider(ISP) and the player become intenser and intenser.The above phenomenon turns the virtual property ’s confirm and protection into a new research topic, and challenges the existent law system. The research on the virtual property will promote the traditional Jurisprudence and the Civil law’s progress. In addition, it is beneficial to resolve all kinds of dissensions about the virtual property in the court.In author’s opinion, the meaning of the word "virtual" has two sides: the ordinary and the technical. Therefore, although the forms of virtual properties are different, they can be divided two sorts: the broad sense and the narrow sense. Because the latter has comes out of the pure network and can be exchanged in the real society, the law should not take it for granted any more.As far as the virtual property’s law status is concerned, that is whether the virtual property belongs to the legal property or not, there are two opinions: negative and positive. The article criticizes the deficiencies of the former opinion. Based on the analysis of the property definition between the law and economy, the virtual property bears all the legal attributes of property and should be equally protected. Of course, it is a new kind of property which possesses some peculiar legal characters.The definition to the virtual property is the most difficult and important problem. Although most people admit the virtual property has legal attributes, there’re great disputes on which kind of the legal property, such as real right theory, intellectual property theory, creditor’s right theory, etc.In fact, the relative between the ISP and player is a kind of servicing contract, and the player’s claim to the virtual property is essentially a kind of right of claim to creditor’s right .The virtual property is the evidence that player claims his right, and this creditor’s right penetrate into real right. The author suggests that this penetration may be regarded as a good example that the creditor’s right converts to the real right.Concerning the virtual property has newly come into being, the research andregulations of abroad countries and regions is just at a stage of beginning, therefore, they are different from theory to practice.As a kind of fixed contract, the netgame contract should define reasonably the partner’s rights and duties in order to balance their interests. Besides the concrete solutions to kinds of issues, in order to find a general solution, the author designs a simple and effective issue solution mechanism. According to the woks value theory of Marx, it is more reasonable to count the virtual property’s value through the "game necessary time" standard.The law which specify the virtual property is absent at present, and there are many bewilders about theory and practice. Facing the conflict virtual world and real society, the most urgent thing is to eliminate the blanks of present laws and specify directly by law ,so as to bring virtual property to the regulation of system of law as soon as possible and to promote the netgame industry healthily develop.The solution to the virtual property problems not only bases on our present law resources, but also depends on the overall adjustments of law, such as Constitution, Civil law, Penal law, etc. Legislator and theorists also should strengthen the research of the virtual property, leading to supplying experience for the legislation and jurisdiction.In the end, in order to positively protect the virtual property, the article puts forward a precaution mechanism for the virtual property issues. Thus, the protection of the virtual property come into a integrate unit from before precaution to behind solution.更多还原