【作者】 李琼；

【导师】 潘保田；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 地貌是自然地理环境要素的重要组成部分,在一定程度上控制着其他生态与环境因子的分布和变化。正如地图是地理学的第二语言一样,地貌图作为表达地貌研究成果的一种重要形式和区域地貌研究的重要手段与方法,在农业生产、生态环境保护和国防建设等方面都发挥着巨大的作用。传统的地貌制图以手工和野外调查为主,其方法是从大比例尺地形图中提取地貌信息,通过制作过渡图,并补充各种相关的制图内容,在不确定界线的地区,一般采用野外实地踏勘的方法完成。这种制图方法虽然精度较高,但工作量大,历时时间较长,已满足不了信息时代的要求。随着遥感和地理信息系统技术的飞速发展,大量需要在野外完成的制图工作可在室内完成,借助遥感影像来加工和更新历史专题地貌图,不仅可在较短的时间内推陈出新,大大缩短制图时间,而且能较快地为社会服务。随着中国1:100万数字地貌制图工作的开展,探索一种统一的数字地貌制图方法势在必行。 鉴于此,本文选择地貌类型复杂多样的典型图幅—兰州幅为试验区,研究基于遥感和DEM的数字地貌制图方法,以期为全国性地貌制图工作的顺利完成奠定基础。本次研究以历史地貌图、1:25万DEM数据和2000年的ETM+影像(7、4、2波段组合)为基础数据源;利用DEM计算海拔高度、地势起伏度、三维立体、等高线、坡度和山体阴影等地形形态示量特征图;以历史地貌图的地貌界线作为定性或定位标志;以遥感数据上所反映的色调、纹理等特征作为地貌界线勾画的标志,所有操作都在ArcGIS8.3软件环境下完成。本制图方法将遥感、地理信息系统、地貌学和制图学有机地结合起来综合解译各种地貌类型界线,不仅继承了传统地貌制图的研究成果,而且发挥了DEM和遥感影像的长处。其目的在于根据地学知识和其他辅助数据挖掘出遥感影像所深藏的地貌特征,尽量减少不必要的野外实地考察,使地貌制图工作可在短时间内完成。这样,不仅提高了地貌制图的工作效率,也减轻了研究者的工作强度,更重要的是实现了地图的数字化和信息化,并且能够以数字形式或纸质等多种形式进行存储和应用,能更好的为我国的经济建设、环境保护和国防建设服务。 此外,20世纪50年代以后,地貌学研究逐渐从以往的定性描述转入数理分析和定量研究。然而,由于地貌数据的庞大、计算的繁琐使得定量地貌研究发展缓慢。也正是迅猛发展的GIS技术,以其强大的数据管理、分析和计算功能,为定量地貌研究提供了强有力的技术支持。故而,本文在探讨基于遥感和GIS技术的数字地貌制图新方法之余,选取位于图幅内祁连山东段地区的五条河流,进行了基于Hack剖面和Strahler曲线的流域定量构造地貌研究,进一步探索了遥感、GIS技术与传统地貌学结合的又一新途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landform is one of the most important components of physical environment. To some extent, it controls the distribution and variations of ecological and environmental pattern on the earth surface. Geomorphologic mapping is an important method of regional geomorphology research which can be used to demonstrate geomorphology research result. As maps are thought of as the Second Language of Geography, the geomorphologic maps play an important role in agriculture production, ecology environmental protection and national defense etc... Traditional geomorphologic mapping method mainly depends on handwork and field surveying. Usually, we geologists get geomorphologic mapping information from large-scale topographic maps, then make the transitional maps by means of mapping synthesis, and add various mapping contents to these maps. Especially, in areas with indefinite geomorphologic boundary, field surveying should be carried out to complement this work. The result of this mapping method is more accurate than others’, but this method needs enormous human work and takes more time. Therefore, this method does not meet the needs of information age. As the technologies of RS and GIS develop, more and more geomorphologic mapping work can be finished by means of the Remote Sensing data indoor in shorter time nowadays. With the carrying out of the geomorphologic mapping of 1:1,000,000 in China, it is necessary to find out a new and uniform numeral geomorphologic mapping method.Therefore, this research takes J-48 as research area which has various geomorphologic types with the intention of getting one new geomorphologic mapping method based on Remote Sensing and DEM which can be used as the foundation of nationwide geomorphologic mapping of 1:1,000,000 in China. The basic data of the research includes the historic geomorphologic maps, DEM of 1:250,000 and ETM+ images (combination with 7,4, 2 bands) of 2000. The operation was carried out in the ArcGIS8.3 software. The steps of this mapping method as follows: (1) getting the topographic characteristics by using the DEM to count the elevation, relief amplitude, three-dimension, contour, gradient and hillshade of research area;(2) taking the geomorphologic boundary of historic geomorphologic maps as quantitative or qualitative symbols;(3) using hue and veins demonstrated in the remote sensing images as quantitative indicator. This method integrates Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), Geomorphology and Mapping to explain various geomorphologic boundary of research area. This method not only inherits the research achievements of traditional geomorphologic mapping, but also makes use of the advantages of DEM and Remote Sensing. Its purpose is to deeply dig the geomorphologic characteristics, which hide in Remote Sensing images by using physicalgeography knowledge and other auxiliary dates. This mapping method effectively reduces unnecessary field surveying, and geomorphologic mapping can be easily finished in shorter time. Therefore, the method not only can improve work efficiency of geomorphologic mapping, but also reduce the labor intensity of the researchers. What is more important is that it realizes the digitization of geomorphologic maps.Moreover, since 1950s the geomorphologic research has gradually transited from traditionally qualitative description to numerical analysis and quantitative research. However, because of the numerous data and the cumbersome calculation, quantitative geomorphologic research developed very slowly. Just with the rapid developing of GIS technology, it is possible for us to manage, analysis, and calculate the numerous data. Therefore, with the same research method of digital geomorphologic mapping in J-48, we carried out research on the fluvial morphotectonic features in eastern Qilian Shan based on Hack profile and strahler curve of five rivers in this area through the application of 30-meter resolution DEM. This research not only validates a new way studying fluvial morphotectonic features, but also offers a new integration between GIS technology and traditional geomorphology.更多还原