【作者】 渠涛；

【导师】 杨永春；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 人文地理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 西部河谷型城市在快速的工业化和城市化进程中,由于特殊的自然条件,高污染、高耗能的产业及城市建设布局的不合理等原因,使得目前西部一些大、中型河谷城市中普遍出现了环境污染问题。城市环境污染不但加大了城市的热岛效应、酸雨效应、浑浊岛效应等现象发生的强度与频度,而且还对城市经济活动和社会发展带来了一系列负面影响。 城市环境污染不但使得城市建筑受损、城郊作物减产、市民健康受害,而且还造成了城市景观贬值以及城市人才流失等。如果把这些损失转化为经济成本,将占据各城市GDP相当大的比重。本文运用环境经济学原理,利用市场和调查两种方法相结合,在参照前人成果的基础上,分别计算出部分河谷型城市大气污染、水污染、噪音污染和固体废弃物污染的经济损失,最终结果发现,2002年这些城市因环境污染而造成的经济损失值都很高,一般占当年各城市GDP的3%～6%。 此外,本文在借鉴环境社会学相关理论的基础上,通过社会调查,试图发现城市居民和企业对本城市环境污染问题的认知以及城市环境污染对城市居民和企业所造成的影响。调查结果显示:(1)各河谷型城市的受访市民大多对本城市的环境污染问题有着一定的感受和认知,对环境污染所带来的危害有着不同程度的了解,尤其那些污染比较严重城市的市民表现得更为明显,如兰州、白银等;(2)各城市的环境污染已对城市市民的心理、生理、工作、学习、娱乐、休闲、购房以及工作单位的选择、迁居行为和子女的去留等均产生了不利的影响;(3)通过对兰州市的企业调查发现,兰州市的城市环境污染增加了企业的生产成本、降低了企业的产品质量、影响了企业产品的信誉,导致了企业产品市场竞争力的下降;(4)无论是这些城市的居民还是企业,其环保意识还停留在一种“说多做少”的层次上,环保行为表现得比较消极、被动。 因此,提高各西部河谷型城市居民和企业的环保意识,增强其环境保护行为,加大各河谷型城市环境污染治理的力度,已刻不容缓。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the fast industrialization and the urbanization, as a result of special natural condition, high consumes energy industry and unreasonable urban construction and so on , Some valley-cities in the Western China are faced with environmental pollution problem. The urban environment pollution not only has increased the intensity and the frequency of city hot island effect, acid rain effect and so on, but also has brought a series of negative influences to the urban economy activity and the social development.The research discovered that the urban environment pollution not only enables the city building to suffer injury, the suburb crops underproduction, the residential health suffers injury, but also has created the city landscape depreciation as well as city brain drain and so on. If transforms these losses into the economic cost, it will occupy quite great proportion in every city’s GDP. Through utilizing the economical principle, unifying investigates and market, consulting the predecessor achievement, This article calculates partial valley- cities air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and solid reject pollution economic loss, We discover that economical loss occupy 3% - 6% of these cities GDP in 2002.In addition, through the social investigation, this article attempts to discover how the city people and the enterprise realize their urban environment pollution problem in the environmental sociology theory foundation. The investigation discovered that the visited urban residents have certain cognition to their cities environmental pollution questions especially obviously to this pollution quite serious cities, like Lanzhou, Chongqing and so on. The investigation also showed that cities environmental pollution has done harm to the city resident’s psychology, physiological, the work, the study, the leisure as well as unit of jobs choice and children’s remove or retain and so on. Through investigating the Lanzhou city enterprises, we discovered that urban environment pollution has increased enterprise’s production cost, reduced enterprise’s product quality, affected the enterprise’s product prestige, and caused the enterprise’s produce market competitive power drop in the Lanzhou. The investigation also discovered that environmental protection consciousness of those cities inhabitant and enterprises pauses in one kind "said does few" in the level and environmental protection consciousness and environmental protection behavior displaysquite negatively and passive.Therefore, strengthening environmental protection consciousness and the behavior of valley-cities inhabitant and enterprise, enlarging valley-cities urban environment pollution dynamics of government, have been urgent.更多还原