【作者】 吴文鑫；

【导师】 杨永春；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 人文地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,伴随着人民物质生活水平的不断提高,居民收入差距也在不断拉大,两极分化逐渐明显,城市贫困问题日益成为我国社会经济体系中的一个突出问题。本文介绍并分析了国内外学者对城市贫困的定义、对贫困标准的界定、城市贫困阶层的特征、分布、产生原因与机制、解困对策及转型时期中国的新城市贫困问题,以及城市贫困问题研究的理论基础。 兰州市是计划经济时期发展起来的以石化、冶金、机械为主导产业的典型的西部河谷型城市。目前,处于经济转型时期的兰州市除石化产业仍保持较高增长外,其他原有国有及市属工业企业大多在经济体制改革、国有企业转轨过程中破产或停产,出现了大量的下岗职工,使得城市贫困阶层的数量不断增多。本文根据2004年底兰州市市区(除红古区外)享受最低生活保障标准的人口数据分析了兰州城市贫困阶层的特征、分布、生活状况、基本情况及就业、再就业状况。通过社会调查分析了兰州市民对城市贫困问题的看法及认识,从宏观及微观角度对兰州城市贫困阶层产生的原因及机制进行了深入的研究和探讨。 本文通过社会调查分析了兰州市低收入阶层迁居特征、意向及其对城市社会空间结构的影响,并在此基础上提出了解决兰州城市贫困问题的对策建议及城市贫困问题对城市规划的启示:积极发展经济,提高居民收入水平;建立正常合理的工资增长机制,推动职工平均工资水平的全面提升;加大劳动者合法权益的保护力度;改革税制,强化对收入分配的宏观调控:价格上涨及收费制度的出台要充分考虑低收入户居民的承受能力;进一步完善最低生活保障制度;促进再就业工程实施,扩大再就业门路:注重城市规划的公平性;关注贫困家庭的住宅环境改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since reform and opening, with the improvement of the people’s substance standard of living, the income gap of dwellers continues to increase, and the phenomenon of social polarization becomes evident gradually. Urban poverty has increasingly become an outstanding problem in China’s social and economic system. This paper introduces and analyses the viewpoints including the definition of the urban poverty and the standard of urban poor class, the characteristics, distribution, the cause and mechanism of forming of urban poor class, the countermeasures to solve the urban poverty problem and the new urban poverty problem in China in the transition period form several scholars home and abroad, and the theories about the research on the urban poverty problem.Lanzhou city is a western typical valley-city taking petrochemistry, metallurgy and machinery as leading industry developed in the planned economy period. At present, besides keeping the higher increasing rate in petrochemical industry, most of others original state-owned and city-owned industrial enterprise bankrupted and stopped production in the process of economic system reform and the transition of state-owned enterprises, resulting in the appearance of a large number of laid-off workers which lead the increasing amount of urban poor class in the city. Here we analyze the characteristics, distribution, the living conditions, basic situation, employment condition and re-employment according to the data of people who enjoyed the minimum living security standard in urban area of Lanzhou city (except Honggu district)at the end of 2004. Meanwhile, based on the social investigation we analyze the viewpoints and cognition of citizens for the urban poverty problem, and carry out deep research and discussion for the cause and mechanism of forming of the urban poor class in Lanzhou city through macroscopic and microcosmic aspect.This paper analyzes the feature and purpose of the low-income class to migration and the impact on social space structure of city according to the social investigation, furthermore, we propose the countermeasure and suggestion to solve the urban poverty problem in Lanzhou city and the enlightenment of urban poverty problem in the city to the urban planning on this basis: Developing economy actively, improving the income level of residents;Setting up a normal and rational wage increase mechanism, impelling the overall promotion of workers’ average wage level;Strengthening the protection of labourers’ legitimate rights and interests;Reforming the tax system, strengthening the macro adjustment and control to income distribution;Fully considering the low-income residents’ bearing ability when constitute the regulations for rise in price and charge;Perfecting the minimum living security system further;Promoting the reemployment project to be implemented, expanding the reemployment opportunity;Emphasizing the fairness of the urban planning;Paying close attention to the improvement of the habitation environment of the poor families.更多还原