内蒙古东部达赉湖地区狼（Canis lupus）的食性研究

【作者】 颜文博；

【导师】 张洪海；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 内蒙古东部呼伦贝尔盟是我国重要的畜牧地区,近几年来狼一家畜冲突成为当地亟代解决的重要问题。狼的食性研究将为此问题的解决提供重要的基础材料。从2004年7月到2005年6月,在达赉湖自然保护区内和附近地区共收集狼的粪便546个,采用频率法和相对生物量法对狼的食性进行分析。 主要结果和结论: 1、达赉湖湖边芦苇丛、沙丘和湖滨平原交错地带与低山丘陵地区狼的食性没有显著差异,家畜是狼的主要食物:在达赉湖湖边芦苇丛、沙丘和湖滨平原交错地带,食谱中家畜的出现频率69.9%,相对生物量92.8%;在低山丘陵地区,食谱中家畜的出现频率76.7%,相对生物量95.1%。绵羊和山羊是出现频率最高的食物(F_e=33.9%,F_h=56.7%),牛的相对生物量最高(B_e=56.8%,B_h=57.7%)。达赉湖湖边芦苇丛、沙丘和湖滨平原交错地带的食谱中兔类、小型啮齿类和鸟类的频率略高于低山丘陵地区。 2、在达赉湖湖边芦苇丛、沙丘和湖滨平原交错地带,草青期和草枯期狼的食谱没有显著差异(X~2=7.124 p=0.523)。绵羊和山羊是本地区狼的稳定食物来源(F_g=34.8%,F_w=33.4%),食谱中牛的相对生物量全年都是最高(B_g=70.3%,B_w=49.6%)。草青期和草枯期食谱中马的频率变化较大(F_g=12.1%,F_w=4.5%)。 3、频率法分析食性更简便、快捷,相对生物量法分析食性更具有生物学意义。频率法和相对生物量法结合分析狼的食性,更符合实际情况。 4、狼的捕食选择受收益率的影响较大,狼倾向于选择捕食收益率大的食物。 5、本地区狼捕食家畜主要与野生动物的可获得度和放牧的管理方式有关。本地区野生动物密度很低,是狼捕食家畜的主要原因。散放的放牧方更多还原

【Abstract】 Hulunbeier is more pasturing area in China. Presently, wolf-livestock conflict has become increasingly important in this area. Diet investigation will apply important basic ecology knowledge.From July 2004 to June 2005, 546 wolf scats were collected in and near the Dalaihu Natural Reserve of China. The wolf food habit was determined using two scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence and the ingested biomass obtained with the linear regression models of Weaver (1993). The relative biomass method was limited to mammalian prey.1. There was no significant difference between ecotone and highland. Livestock was primary prey in two areas: frequency was 69.9% and relative biomass was 92.8% in eco tones, frequency was 76.7% and relative biomass was 95.1% in highland. Frequency of sheep and goat was most in wolf diet(F_e = 33.9%, F_h - 56.7%). Relative biomass of cattle was most in wolf diet (B_e = 56.8%, B_h = 57.7%). Frequency of lagomorphs and small rodents in ecotones is slightly higher than in highland.2. There was no significant difference between plant green period and plant withering period in ecotones(X~2 =7.124, p = 0.523). Sheep and goat were steady prey in all year (F_g = 34.8%, F_w= 33.4%). Relative biomass of cattle was most in wolf diet in all year (B_g= 70.3%, B_w= 49.6%). Frequency of horse was varied between plant green period and plant withering period(F_g = 12.1%, F_w = 4.5%).3. Calculating frequency of occurrence was facile and requires little time. Calculating relative biomass was a more biologically meaningful method of diet analysis. Interpretation of scat-analysis data in order to assess the diet of wolves, would be greatly enhanced by comparing results obtained with frequency data and relative biomass data.4. Wolf predation was mostly affected by profitability. Wolf selected to kill prey that profitability was most.5. Predation on livestock was associated closely with availability of wild prey and husbandry of livestock. Wolf prey livestock was mostly because of low abundance of wild prey in this area. This was also because of free ranging.6. There were abundant birds in Dalaihu Natural Reserve. There were more birds in wolf diet (7.8%).更多还原