山东省大学高水平运动员、体育专业学生、普通专业学生心理健康的比较研究

【作者】 孙永泰；

【导师】 刘一民；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会竞争的日趋激烈,工作节奏的加快,学习、就业压力的加大,大学生这一群体中10%—30%存在不同程度的心理健康问题,大学生的心理健康问题已成为现阶段心理学乃至整个教育界关注的热点问题。目前,高水平运动员、体育专业学生、普通专业学生三个参与体育活动情况不同的大学生群体共同构成了我国大学生的主体。然而,当前对这三个参与体育活动情况不同的大学生群体心理健康水平的比较研究至今未见文献报导。为此,本研究在对三个大学生群体参加体育活动情况与心理健康状况进行了全面的调查、测试的基础上,对三个大学生群体心理健康水平的差异状况进行多层次、多角度的比较,进一步剖析三个大学生群体心理健康状况的异同点及形成原因,再次论证三个大学生群体参加体育活动与心理健康的内在关联性。这种从定性、定量相结合的角度,对三个大学生群体参与体育活动与心理健康状况的调查、比较,不仅对三个大学生群体了解自身的心理健康状况,及时把握参与体育活动与心理健康的内在联系有重要意义,而且对有关心理健康和体育教育部门制定三个大学生群体的心理健康教育目标和参与体育活动评估体系均有重要的理论和实用价值。 为此,本研究的目的:测试和比较山东省大学高水平运动员、体育专业学生、普通专业学生三个大学生群体心理健康水平的异同与特征,初步论证三个大学生群体心理健康水平的主要差异,及与全国同龄人心理健康的异同,进一步分析三个大学生群体主要存在的心理问题,有效地、有针对性地做好三个大学生群体的心理健康教育工作,采取切合三个大学生群体心理健康状况的措施和手段来促进三个大学生群体的心理健康水平的提高。方法:运用文献资料、问卷调查、心理测试、数理统计等研究方法,根据自行设置的“参与体育活动情况”的问卷,及国内外公认的测量心理健康状况的“SCL—90”(心理卫生自评量表),来调查和比较山东省三个大学生群体参与体育活动的基本情况与心理健康状况的异同,并进一步探讨参与体育活动情况不同的三个大学生群体的心理健康的特征及存在的主要问题。 经研究初步得出以下结论:更多还原

【Abstract】 As the competition in our society becomes fiercer and the working pace grows quicker each day, college students are suffering from more pressure in study and job-hunting. It is reported that 10-30% of college students have mental problems of different degrees. The mental health of undergraduate students has become a hot topic in psychology and even the whole education field. At present, high-level athletes, undergraduates majoring in PE and undergraduates in other departments constitute the main body of university students in our country. However, comparative study of the mental health conditions among the three groups is rarely investigated. Therefore, this thesis studies their actual participation in sports and mental health conditions from different perspectives. Furthermore, this study will analyze the differences and similarities of their mental health conditions and probe into the causes as well. Accordingly, we will prove that exercises are closely related to mental health levels. This research carried out by both qualitative and quantitative methods are significantly meaningful, either for the three groups of students to understand and solve their mental problems or for the mental health and Physical Education departments to decide on the objectives of mental health education and the evaluation system of participation in sports activities.Therefore, this study aims to testify and make a comparison of the mental health levels of the three groups: common undergraduates, high-level athletes and PE undergraduates in Shandong province. We will firstly study their differences in mental health levels and compare their mental health with that of the young in our nation. Further we will explore the main mental problems of the three groups. Accordingly, we will enforce their education in mental health and promote their mental health level with proper methods. With the questionnaire designed by myself and the table—"SCL-90" of ’Participation in physical exercises’(a table to measure the mental health), we will investigate and analyze their different conditions in sports activities and mental health, and further explore thecharacteristics of the three groups’ mental problems. The preliminary findings of the research are as follows:1. The decreasing tendency of mental health conditions among the three groups is: the mental health of high-level athletes is better than PE students, followed by common undergraduates. Altogether 22.53% of the 183 students have mental problems. Therefore, the mental health conditions of the three groups of students in Shandong province are looking blue, and especially, the mental health of the undergraduates majoring in specialties other than PE makes us worried.2. On the whole, high-level athletes and PE students’ scores are quite similar and there are not obvious differences (P<0.05). The two groups score higher in ’blues’, ’anxiety’, ’terror’, ’sensitivity to relationship’, ’psychosis’, ’criticism’ than undergraduates majoring in specialties other than PE and the difference is quite obvious (P<0.001).3. The scores of mental health level of the athletes in ’somatization’ and ’criticism’ tend to be low and their mental health conditions are more closely related to the age cohorts in our country. PE students’ mental health level is lower than the age cohorts in our country. In ’somatization’, ’force’, ’crankiness’, ’psychosis’ their scores nearly reach or has reached the level of pain. Common undergraduates obviously score higher than age cohorts and symptoms like ’depression’, ’anxiety’, ’crankiness’, and ’psychosis’ are the main symptoms of psychological blocks and mental diseases.4. The times of participation, the period of participation, the degree of satisfaction, and the mental experiences exert important influences on the mental health of the three groups, and they are important contributions to the mental health. A lot of research has proved that exercises can do good to the mental health of college students, which was supported by this study with further scientific proof.更多还原