“人为的”与“为人的”

【作者】 杨爱东；

【导师】 刘冠军；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 科学与人文的分裂给人类社会带来了人类种种不利影响。因此,消除科学与人文的分割和对立,探讨二者的融合问题成为当前学界的热点问题。在对这一问题的学习和研究中,笔者发现研究者们要么从科学的角度审视人文,要么从人文的角度审视科学,要么泛泛的讨论二者的一致性,都未从人的立场理解科学因而未能触及科学与人的本质关联,即科学人文本质的内在根据的研究。笔者认为科学作为一项“人为”的和“为人”的人类活动,有的只是对于人的意义,只有将其置于“人”的视域,分析其人文本质的内在根源才能充分论证科学的人文本质。因此,探讨科学与人文的融和,应立足于挖掘科学自身固有的人文属性,才能从根本上消除二者的分割和对立。本文试图从科学的“人为”性和“为人”性方面分析科学的人文属性以揭示科学的人文本质。 本文首先阐述了科学、人文的基本内涵以及笔者对科学人文本质的理解,提出从人的视域理解科学,探讨科学的人文本质应成为研究科学与人文融合问题的新思路。接着,分析了科学的两大人文属性:“人为”性和“为人”性。一方面,科学是“人为”的,具有“人为”属性,这表现在科学充满着人的感情意志、理想信念等人文激情,科学研究过程中包含着想象、直觉、顿悟等非理性方法、人的价值判断等人文因素,这是科学人文本质的人性基础。另一方面,科学也是“为人”的,具有“为人”属性,这主要表在科学创造出了巨大的物质财富和精神成就,推进了人类物质文明的昌盛和精神文明的进步。因此,科学终久是以人为目的,为了人类物质生活和精神生活现代化这一目标而服务的,也就是为了实现人类自由而全面发展服务的。这既是对人类的生存价值的终极关怀也是科学人文本质的充分体现。所以,我们说科学本身就是一个丰富的人文世界,并且科学终究是以人文的尺度来衡量的,人的目的、利益和价值观念等因素不是外在于科学而是内化于科学中的,科学本质上是人文的。因此,挖掘科学固有的人文属性有助于我们理解科学与人的本质关联,正确认识科学的价值,从而消除科学与人的对立;同时有助于我们树立新的文化观,即把科学看作具有高度人文关怀和以人的自由和全面更多还原

【Abstract】 The division between science and humanity lead to a variety of negative effects which humans’ have to face. Now, it has become a new focus that many researchers are studying. Studying the issue, I find that most of them can not get to the humanity essence of science because they examine humanity form the point view of science or examine science from humanity or focused on the coherence of two but not from humans’ visual threshold.In my opinion, science as an activity of "by-human" and "for-human", has only sense to human. Only set it in humans’ visual threshold and analyze the source of it’s humanity essence, can we find the grounds of argument. Therefore, we should seek the humanity attributes of science to eliminate the division between science and humanity.This paper tries to analyze the attribute of humanity from two aspects: "by-human" and "for-human" to reveal the humanity essence of science. I first talk about the intension of science and humanity and my understanding to humanity essence of science, then put forward that it should be a new way to seek the humanity essence of science from the angle of human. What’s more, we analyze the two attributes of science: "by-human" and "for-human". On the one hand, science is developed by human and it has attribute of "by-human". It is shown that there are many humanity enthusiasm such as emotion, will, ideal and faith, and humanity factors such as irrational method including imaginative, intuition and enlightenment and human’s value. These are the grounds of humanity essence of science. On the other hand, science is developed "for humans" and has the attribute of "for-human". It is shown that science creates so great material fortune and spiritual achievement that promote the material and spiritual civilization. As a result, science aims at humans in the long run and it servers for not only the modernization of human’s material and spiritual life but also the realization of humans’ free and comprehensive development. This not only the ultimate goals, at same time the reflect of humanity essence of science.So, science is an abundant humanity world and it is evaluated in light of humanity value. Humans’ aim, interests and value are not external to science but inner to it. Science is comminuted with humanity, namely, science is humanistic in its’ essence.In summary, seeking humanity attributes of science will help us understand the coherence between science and human and recognize the value of science correctly to bridge the division between science and humanity and help us acquire a new idea of culture, this idea regards science as humanity culture and which take hamuns’ free and comprehensive development as an ultimate goal.Only by doing so, can we overcome the traditional ideal which has the features of blind worship toward science and bridge the division between science and humanity. Meanwhile, it also help us advance the reform of education system and change the present situation of division between art and science in practice, because it make us realize that it is very important to combine science with art to promote students’ all-round quality especially the art quality.Therefore, it is very significant to seek humanity essence from humans’ visual threshold, not only on theory but also in practice.更多还原