优秀男子摔跤运动员降体重期间膳食结构调查与分析

【作者】 尹伟娜；

【导师】 郭成吉；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 1 研究目的 通过对山东省备战第十届全国运动会男子摔跤运动员控、降体重期间膳食调查与体成分测量分析,旨在了解优秀男子摔跤运动员膳食现状,与国内推荐的中国运动员膳食营养素和食物适宜摄入量进行比较分析,进而发现膳食结构存在的问题,以便为教练员运动员进行科学训练和提高运动成绩提供科学的理论指导。 2 研究方法 对7名男子摔跤队员比赛前4周进行膳食跟踪调查,时间安排在每周三或周四,记录三餐的食物种类,并称重,利用运动员膳食管理软件进行数据分析,对比4周的膳食结构及其营养素与总能量摄入情况;同时每周定期测量队员的皮褶厚度,计算体脂百分比、瘦体重及体质指数,并结合训练、营养进行比较分析。 3 研究结果 经膳食数据统计分析后,发现我省优秀摔跤运动员降重4周三大营养素的比例（推荐比例:蛋白质:碳水化合物:脂肪=15:55:35）失衡;同时在整个调查中V_A、V_B1、V_C摄入严重不足,而V_E摄入过量,其他维生素摄入情况良好;矿物质摄入情况好于维生素摄入。降重第三周总能量摄入不足,体脂%大幅度下降;从体成分分析看,队员的体脂百分比偏高,瘦体重基本没有变化,体质指数基本在正常范围内,这对于整个阶段肌肉力量的发挥有重要意义。 4 结论 4.1 队员膳食结构不合理,体脂含量和初始体重较高,降重幅度过大,增加队员降低体重的难度。 4.2 降重第三周,大强度、大运动量训练与单纯限制饮食导致队员体脂%呈大幅度下降,导致维生素、矿物质和总能量摄入不足,无法达到运动员大运动量训练时的需求,影响队员的降重过程、身体机能及正常训练。 4.3 数据分析发现,降重四个阶段由于队员偏食导致V_A、V_B1、V_C摄入严重更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:During the period of control and fall the body weight , through the dietary survey and body ingredient analysis to man wrestler of Shandong Province who prepare for the Tenth Session of National Athletic , is for the purpose of understanding the existing situation of the outstanding wrestler’s dietary , discover the existing difference after compare and analysis with the domestic recommendation of Chinese athlete’s suitable take-in capacity of dietary nutrient and food, in order to provide the essential data to trainer and athlete to carry on the science training and enhance their level. Method:Carry on dietary track investigation on seven man wrestler at four weeks before their competition, the time arrangement on every Wednesday or Thursday, recording food types of three meals a day, and call their weigh, carries on the data analysis using the athlete’s dietary management software, to contrast the condition of dietary structure and it’s the nutrient and the total energy takes in these four weeks;at the same time ,each week surveys member’s skin pleat thickness regularly, calculate the mean value of around two weeks’ bodies fat percentage, the thin body weight and the physique index and carries on the comparison. Make train and the nutrition organically combine with the body ingredient analysis, uses in appraising the member’s course of control and fall weight, discovered the problem will exist in meals. Result:After the meals data statistical analysis, discovers proportion unbalanced on our province outstanding wrestler at three big nutrients （the recommendation proportion: protein: carbohydrate: fat =15:55:35）. Three big nutrients took in unbalanced also have caused the individual member to appear the body fat percentage high, to have the adverse effect on entire process of reduced the body weight. Meanwhile in the entire investigation ,V_A, V_B1, Vc takes-in seriouslyinsufficient, but VE takes in excessively, the athlete appears the phenomenon of chose food, the condition of other vitamins takes in is good;the situation of the mineral substance takes in to be good than vitamin’s. Looking from the body ingredient analysis that, the extremely individual member’s body fat percentage is high, but through controls, falls the body weight, the body fat percentage has the drop, the thin weight gain, this has the vital significance regarding the entire stage of muscle strength display. Conclusion:I Members meals structure is unreasonable, the body fat content and the initial body weight are high, falls the heavy scope oversized, increases the member to reduce the body weight the difficulty.II The third week of falling weight, the great intensity, the great physiological load of exercise training and the puring limit diet which caused the member body fat percentage to result in the large scale dropping, cause Vitamin , the mineral substance and the total energy takes-in insufficiently , is unable to achieve the demand when the athlete takes on great physiological load of exercise training. Doing that would affect the member to fall the heavy process, the physical function and the normal training.III Through analyzing the data of falling weight four stages ,because of the member partial eclipse which caused the take-in capacity of Va, Vbi, Vc is seriously insufficient, caused the athletics to appear the diseases of lack vitamin;Vitamin E takes in excessively, increased anti- oxidation in the training process.IV Members psychology, mood and disposition are also the important influences factor of falling weight process.V Falling weight method to be unitary and overemphasizing the limit diet, which caused the meals structure imbalance.更多还原