【作者】 俞鹏；

【导师】 张邦俊；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程的不断推进,近些年来人民生活水平的提高和工业化进程的加速发展,家用电器及工业用设备的数量逐渐增加,使得低频噪声源的数量和强度都有逐渐增加的趋势。而居住区低频噪声实际影响和现有环境噪声评价方法不匹配,本文基于这一矛盾开展针对城市居住区的设备噪声调查、频率特性分析和实验室烦恼度研究,为完善现有环境噪声评价方法中低频噪声评价的不足提供参考资料。 本文首先通过查阅相关文献资料,对国内外研究现状调查的基础上,选取供电系统、地下车库、电梯设备、供热系统、排水供水系统、空调设备和通风系统中的12种典型噪声源,采用双通道实时分析VS302USB,调试并记录以上设备正常运转状态的数字声信号。此外,通过声信号处理分析这些噪声源的频谱及低、中、高频段的能量比率。结果表明,各声源最大声压级所在频段以低频段为最多(12种典型噪声中9种),最大能量分布频段也是以低频段为最多(12种典型噪声中7种),因而低频噪声已经成为居住区中影响最大的噪声源。 采用成对比较实验方法,在12种噪声中选取5种低频设备噪声和5种中频设备噪声,将其调试为等声压级(4个等级)、等A计权声压级(4个等级)和等响度级(4个等级),进行实验室烦恼度研究。此外,为获得评价者的评判标准和规律,进行纯音(63Hz至8000Hz倍频程中心频率)等响度级(4个等级)和模拟噪声(对应现场采集噪声的最大三个声压级及其频率)等响度级(4个等级)实验室烦恼度研究。实验结果表明,在等声压级和等响度级下烦恼程度相对较低的低频噪声在A计权声压级下烦恼程度被放大,采用A计权声压级评价低频噪声时应对其进行修正,减小低频段的衰减值,以使A计权声压级在低频噪声评价中正确反映噪声暴露者受到的实际影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid urbanization in China, peoples’ living standard is improving and the industrialization is accelerated developing in recent years. The quantity of household appliances and residential area common facilities is stepping up, it results in the gradually increasing of the quantity and intensity of noise sources in urban residential area. And the environmental noise assessment method in existence can not reflect the tangible impact of residential area low frequency noises, in this thesis the research is carried out on the investigation of residential area facility noises, frequency analysis and annoyance experiment in allusion to this conflict, and providing reference material for the adjustment of the environmental noise assessment method in existence.On the basis of literature consult and research actuality, the most typical sound sources from associated facilities in residential area are selected in this study. It is found that there are 12 typical sound sources such as noises from supply electricity systems, underground parking, elevator equipments, supply heat systems, supply water systems, air condition equipments, and ventilation system. By using the sound analysis instrument VS302USB, the noise sources from above associated facilities at normal operation cases have been recorded and examined. Furthermore, the spectrum of these noise sources and the energy ratio among the low, middle and high frequency bands are analyzed by sound signal processing. Results show that the maximum sound pressure level is located in low-frequency bands (9 in 12 typical sound sources) and the energy distribution in low-frequency bands (7 in 12 typical sound sources) is the most. So the low-frequency sounds from associated facilities are the most annoying noise in urban resident area.By using the paired comparison method, 5 low frequency noises and 5intermedia frequency noises are chose for the annoyance experiment. These noises are regulated to same sound pressure levels (4 grades), same A weighted sound pressure levels (4 grades) and same loudness level (4 grades). Furthermore, in order to obtaining the judgment criterions and rules, the single frequency sounds (center frequencies of octave bands between 63 Hz and 8000Hz) and multiple tone sounds (three highest sound pressure level and its frequency of recorded residential area typical facility noises) are regulated to same loudness levels (4 grades) for the annoyance experiment. The experiment results shows that, the annoyance degrees of low frequency noises which are lower in same sound pressure levels and same loudness levels experiment are magnified in same weighted sound pressure levels experiment. So A weighted sound pressure level should be modified when it is applied to assess the low frequency noises, lower the attenuation in low frequency range, and makes the A weighted sound pressure level reflects the tangible impact of low frequency noises.更多还原