【作者】 沈杭军；

【导师】 杨岳平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用离子交换法处理及回用镀镍漂洗废水,研究影响离子交换效果的各个因素,用以指导实际工程的设计和调试;由于镀镍漂洗废水中含有的有机添加剂会对整个漂洗废水回用系统产生负面影响,故本文还采用多种氧化技术去除镀镍漂洗废水中的有机物;最后对离子交换工艺在实际工程中的应用进行研究。 镀镍漂洗废水预处理的实验结果表明:在臭氧氧化镀镍漂洗废水的实验中,废水COD去除率随pH值的升高而增大,在酸性范围内可适当提高pH值;适当地增加臭氧投加量和提高水温都能提高废水COD去除率;废水COD去除率与废水初始COD浓度之间呈明显的反比关系;在镀镍漂洗废水的臭氧氧化反应系统中,部分有机物的降解是在Ni²⁺的催化下由氧化能力更强的自由基来完成的。在H₂O₂氧化镀镍漂洗废水的实验中,适量增加H₂O₂投加量和采用氧气曝气都有助于提高废水的COD去除率,但COD去除率较低。在O₃/H₂O₂氧化镀镍漂洗废水的实验中,废水COD去除率受到废水初始COD浓度、O₃和H₂O₂投加量等因素的影响。对初始COD浓度分别为56mg/L和109mg/L的镀镍漂洗废水,单独O₃、O₃/H₂O₂氧化工艺都有较高的去除效率,O₃/H₂O₂氧化工艺处理效果最佳。 离子交换法处理镀镍漂洗废水的实验结果表明:采取适宜的预处理方法有助于提高新鲜树脂中H型阳树脂和OH型阴树脂的比例,从而保证回用水水质;阳树脂的工作交换容量受pH值的影响较小,所以不需预先调节废水的pH值;阳树脂的工作交换容量随进水流速的增大而减小,同时出水水质变差,建议废水的进水流速小于20m/h;当废水Ni²⁺浓度为50～300mg/L时,阳树脂工作交换容量随废水Ni²⁺浓度的增大而增加,当Ni²⁺浓度大于300mg/L后,阳树脂的工作交换容量有所下降,同时出水水质变差;漂洗废水的硬度对阳树脂工作交换容量影响较大,建议用软水作为镀镍清洗水;适当地提高废水的SO₄^2-浓度和降低进水的流速都有助于提高阴树脂的工作交换容量;废水中的CO₂会减小阴树脂的工作交换容量,但影响不大,实际工程中不需增设除碳器;提高再生剂的浓度和降低再生流速都有助于提高饱和阴、阳树脂的再生率;在实际废水的连续实验中,离子交换处理后的水质接近完全脱盐水标准,可以作为清洗水回用;再生液中的硫酸镍具有一定的回用价值;阴、阳树脂在经过多次再生后,其工作交换容量有所下降,但已趋于稳定;漂洗废水中的有机物对阴树脂工作交换容量的影响较大。 工程应用研究的结果表明:阳柱—阴柱—混合柱工艺能回用90%的镀镍漂洗废水,通过连续监测出水水质,发现混合柱的出水水质能完全达到回用标准;阳树脂再生过程中经常产生CaSO₄沉淀、漂洗废水中的有机物对阴树脂产生污染是实际工程运行中出现的两大主要问题,需要采取有效措施加以解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper the technology of ion exchange was used for the treatment and recycling of nickel plating rinse wastewater. This study includes three parts: removing the organic contaminations in rinse wastewater by oxidation processes, studying some factors influencing the ion exchange process, researching the treatment and recycling project of nickel plating rinse wastewater.The experimental results of wastewater pretreatment showed that: hi the ozone oxidization experiment, the COD removal efficiency increased with higher pH, more added ozone, and higher temperature, while it declined with the increasing initial COD. According to the mechanism analysis, the degradation of organic contamination was partly resulted by highly active oxidants which were the product of nickel catalytic decomposition of ozone. In the hydrogen peroxide oxidization experiment, the COD removal efficiency increased with more added hydrogen peroxide and oxygen mixing, but the COD removal efficiency was low. hi the O3/H2O2 oxidization experiment, the COD removal efficiency was affected by initial COD, as well as the wastage of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. The ozone oxidization and O3/H2O2 oxidization process could get high COD removal efficiency for nickel plating rinse wastewater of different COD, and O3/H2O2 oxidization process was the best.The experimental results of rinse wastewater treatment with ion exchange showed that: It was necessary to find proper method of ion exchange resin pretreatment to ensure the quality of recycling water. The operating exchange capability of cation ion resin and the quality of treated water were affected by pH value, Ni2+ concentration, flow velocity and hardness of the rinse water. The proper operational parameter were unadjusted pH, Ni2+ concentration lower than 300mg/L, flow velocity lower than 20m/h and using soft water as rinse water. The operating exchange capability of anion resin increased with higher SO₄²- concentration and lower flow velocity, while it declined with higher concentration of carbon dioxide in rinse wastewater and was affected by organic contamination in the rinse wastewater. More wastage of regeneration reagent and lower flow velocity was good for resin regeneration, In the continuous experiment using real nickel plating rinse wastewater, the treated wastewater reaching desalted water level could be reused as rinse water, and the regenerated nickel sulfate could also be recycled somewhere. The operating exchange capabilities of the resins were declined but steady after some times of regeneration.The research of real project showed that: 90% of rinse wastewater could be reused through ion exchange process. Through continuous water quality detecting, it was sure that the treated wastewater could be recycled to the nickel-plating plant. The main problems during the project running were that some calcium sulfate formed while the D001 cation resin was regenerated and part of D201 anion resin was polluted by organic contamination in the rinse wastewater of nickel plating, so some effective action should be taken to solve those problems.更多还原