【作者】 陈俊华；

【导师】 徐志宏； 蒋平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）病的传播途径主要有两种:长距离人为传播和近距离媒介昆虫的传播。所以松材线虫的发生和危害与媒介昆虫有密切的关系。在亚洲,松褐天牛是最重要的一种传播媒介。近年来研究发现,松树伐倒木上收集的挥发性物质对松褐天牛成虫具有强烈的引诱活性,这些挥发性物质的主要成分为11种单萜烯及一些嫌气性发酵生成物（主要是乙醇和微量的丙酮、乙醛等）的混合物。松树的挥发性气味对松褐天牛成虫寄主搜索、补充营养和产卵等行为的生境定位中起着重要作用。依据松树的挥发性气味对松褐天牛成虫有很好的引诱作用,浙江省森林防治检验检疫站与中国亚热带林业科学院研究所共同研制开发的蛀干害虫引诱剂——M—99型引诱剂。 本论文使用M—99型引诱剂进行林间诱捕试验研究,通过比较诱捕器设置不同位置的诱捕效果,以确定最佳的诱捕器设置方案;同时利用释放天牛回收率估算林间天牛种群密度。本文主要比较了山顶、山腰和山脚不同海拔高度放置诱捕器的诱捕效果;比较林缘外围不同间隔距离的诱捕器设置,监测松褐天牛成虫林外的扩散能力,以确定M—99最远的有效监测距离;比较环境条件（温度、湿度、风等）对引诱天牛和诱捕器释放量的影响,观察引诱剂随时间的推迟引诱效果的变化,已确定最佳的引诱剂添加间隔期。其主要结果为: 1.诱捕器在林间不同设置方位的诱捕效果比较及林间天牛种群密度的计算 林间松褐天牛释放点周围四个方位放置诱捕器,诱捕回收松褐天牛。结果表明,由于各个诱捕器的放置的地理位置不同,不同诱捕器所处小环境的通风透光度、林间郁蔽度等也有很大的差异,因此,不同放置位置的天牛回收率各异。此外,由于试验地位于平湖九龙山,毗邻海域,常伴有由东向西三级（3.5米/秒）以上风速的风,影响松褐天牛成虫林间自由飞翔,造成沿西方位的诱捕量大于其它方位的诱捕量,且回收率也最高。计算总回收率为:5.6%^*2=11.2%。对Lincoln—Petersen模型修改后,应用标识重捕法计算林间松褐天牛种群密度,计算公式为:N=[（n1+1）（n2+1）/（m2+1）]-1,计算林间天牛密度:N₁=929.43;置信区间为:1.96±Var（N₁）^1/2=929.43±114.05,N₂=850.70,置信区间为:1.96±Var（N₁）^1/2=850.70±95.17。所以N=890.01±104.61头。据研究,M—99型引诱剂在松林间诱捕松褐天牛的最远有效距离为70m,1只诱捕器的有效诱捕范围为1.5公顷。故林间每1公顷范围内的松褐天牛密度估计为148.34±17.44只。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus can be spreaded through two ways: long distance man-made spread and short distance insect-media spread. So the occurance and damage of the nematode have close relation with insects-media. Monochamus alternatus Hope was one the most important pine pests in Asia.In recent years, the researches show that some kinds of volatile substances, which comprise 11 single terpenes and many kinds of andanaerobic zymolysis resultant can be obtained from felled pines.Volatile scent of pine had an effect upon environmental orientation of adult host-seeking, supplement of nutrition and oviposition. Baced on the attractive effect, M — 99 attractant was developed by the Forest pests and diseases control and Quarantine Station of Zhejiang province and the Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.In the article, the attractant traps were placed different locations in forest to compare the effects of M—99 attractant, in order to find the most effective location and to forecast the Monochamus alternatus Hope density by recatch rate calculation. Luring effect and trapped adults were compared in different locations i.e. the mountain ridge, the mountainside and the base of mountain. The ability of Monochamus alternatus Hope’s diffuseness outside the forestry and the farthest effective distance of M—99 attractant were found out through the entrapping experimentation that different interval attractant traps were placed;the change of luring effect in the luring process were studied through compare affection under different environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity etc.The results as follows:1. Comparison of luring effect on different location and calculation of population density in the forestryAttractant traps were set on the four different locations around releasing spot and adults were recatched, which show that recatched quantities vary with trap location, airflow and the denseness in the forestry. Besides, the experimental field was located in Pinghu, adjacent to Hangzhou bay, often windy with more than force three ( 3.5metre/sec), which had a great effect to the free activity of adults and consequently the trapped and reclaimed adults from the eastern were more than the others. The statistic anlysis show: reclaimed rate was 5.6 percent. According to the Lincoln-Petersen Model, mended as N=[(nl+l)(n2+l)/(m2+l)]-l, population density was calculated, and the result is N,=929. 43, by the creditable range of 929. 43 + 114. 05, N2=850. 70, by the creditable range of 850. 70 + 95. 17, and therefore N=890. 01 +104. 61. It was studied that M—99 attractant was most effectible in less than 70m in distant, and 1 trap can effectively cover in the area of 1.5hm2, so the population density should be speculated 148.34±17.44 adults per hectare.2. Luring effect and trapped adults were compared in different locations such as the mountain ridge, the mountainside and the base of mountain.The traps were placed on the mountain ridge, the mountainside and the base of mountain during the adult outbreak, which indicates that there was no significant difference in quantity between mountain ridge and the mountainside, but the occurrence and retreat stage in the mountainside were a litter earlier. Adult quantity on the base of mountain show a big significant difference compared with the two other positions. The adult quantity on female and male were no significant difference on the mountain ridge and the mountainside, also the total quantity on female and male during the adult occurring stage.3. Setting the traps out of the forestry at 30m, 50m, 80m, 100m, 120m intervals and inspecting the adults activity and finding out the longest effectible distance of M—99 attractant.The traps were set in Dongshan Fuyang municipal, which located on 30m, 50m, 80m, 100m and 120m out of forestry. The results indicated that there were no adults trapped on the outbreak stage except small amounts of adult recatched on 30m’s position.4. The environmental influence to adults attracting and attractant volatility. The change of the attractant effect when the time processive, establishment of the optimal intervals of adding attractant.The attractant volatility increased with temperature and wind , and the intervals of adding attractant shortened consequently, which show a close connect with environment, In general, 200ml attractant show little effect after 8 days compared with CK andneeded to add attractant.On the lower temperature condition, attractant was less volatilized. However, it show a tendency of that the trapped adults decreased with the time.更多还原