【作者】 徐莉；

【导师】 祝增荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)是一类真核多细胞生物,属于昆虫纲(Insecta),双翅目(Diptera),果蝇科(Drosophilidae),具有生存期短,繁殖量大,饲养简便,反应灵敏等优点,作为模式生物被广泛应用于生理生化实验中。 生姜(Zingiber officinale)是我国一种历史悠久的药食兼用的香辛调味料。生姜精油香气温辛,甜而浓厚,又具有一定的生理活性功能,常用于化妆品香料、食品香料及药材。经过本实验的GC-MS分析测定表明生姜精油主要成分α-姜烯(18.37%)、β-倍半水芹烯(7.22%)、α-法呢烯(1.96%)、α-石竹烯(6.04%)、芳基姜黄(6.77%)等。 本实验表明生姜精油对果蝇成虫具有一定的急性毒性,在较高浓度下,作用更为强烈。随着生姜精油浓度的升高雌雄果蝇的死亡率也随之增加,且雌雄果蝇的死亡率都与生姜精油浓度呈正相关。生姜精油对果蝇雌雄虫的剂量效应参数β分别为2.5784和1.7404,符合国内外报道的昆虫对多种化学杀虫剂反应的剂量效应范围(1.2—4.5)。 生姜精油对果蝇成虫有一定的驱避活性,尤其是对雌虫。雌虫比雄虫对生姜精油感觉灵敏,果蝇雌虫在作选择时有一个明显的选择时间,即在Y型管的分岔处会稍作停留后再作选择。但是在随着姜油浓度的升高选择姜油的比例也随之提高,到10%姜油时选对照和选姜油的虫数没有显著差异。我们推测可能是姜油中有某些成分是有引诱作用的,随着浓度升高这些物质的作用也愈趋明显。这需要进一步实验证明。 生姜精油对果蝇雄虫活力有显著影响,而对雌虫活力的影响并无明显的剂量反应规律。 生姜精油对果蝇雌、雄成虫的平均寿命和最高寿命有显著影响。雌成虫的平均寿命和最高寿命随姜油浓度的增加而有减短的趋势,且各浓度间存在显著差异;雄成虫的平均寿命和最高寿命也有随姜油浓度上升而减短的趋势,但0.1%处理下的平均寿命比对照处理的高,且存在极显著差异,除0.01%与0.5%间不存在显著差异外其它各处理间也存在极显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophidae) is a little insect about 3mm long, with a short life cycle of just two weeks, and is cheap and easy to keep large numbers. Therefore, it is one of the most valuable of organisms in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a perennial herb and there have beening used as both food and medicinal materials for centuries of years in China. Ginger essential oil is extracted by means of steam distillation from the unpeeled or dried, ground-up root (rhizome) of the plant. The essential oil has various chemical constituents, which were identified by GC-MS, including the following: a-zingiberene( 18.37%) β-sesquipellandrene(7.22%) α- farnesene(1.96%) α-caryophyllene (6.04%) arylturmeric(6.77%). The therapeutic properties of Ginger oil are analgesic, anti-emetic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific and tonic. There are many research about the clinic application of ginger and its essential oil, whereas there is few report about the biological activity of ginger essential oil on insects.It indicated in our research that ginger essential oil showed acute toxicity effects on Drosophila melanogaster adults, especially when the concentration increases. The mortality of drosophila adult increased along with the concentration of ginger essential oil. The dose effect parameter of ginger essential oil on drosophila female and male adult was 2.5784 and 1.7404, respectively. The numberial values accorded with the rang of 1.2 to 4.5, which is the dose effect parameter of various chemical insecticide reported all over the world.The repellent activity of ginger essential oil against drosophila adults was studied in labrotary by dual choice tests in Y-tube olfactometer. The results indicated that the ginger essential oil had repellent activity against drosophila adults, especially against female. In another word, female adults are more sensitive to ginger essential oil than males. And they need a pause to choose, and then make choice of direction.Ginger essential oil showed significant negative effect on the mobility of maleadults. The rate of active male adults decreased along with the concentration increasing. The effect on female is not so distinctly as on males.Ginger essential oil significantly reduced both the average and maximum longevity of drosophila adults with the increase of concentration.更多还原