职业体育联盟若干法律问题研究

【作者】 杨华；

【导师】 李东方；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 经济法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 体育产业的迅猛发展是当今经济发展中不可忽视的重要现象,在我国体育界的职业化改革进程加快和即将举办2008年奥运会的背景下,有必要对这一问题投入更多的关注。通过笔者的研究发现,与西方发达国家相比,我国职业体育的发展在很多方面都存在着问题,需要从理论上对职业化改革的实践有更多的探讨和指引。本文正是从这个角度出发,通过对西方发达国家发展职业体育的最佳模式——职业体育联盟体制的考察,总结其各方面特点,尤其是在法律环境构建上的先进经验,再参照我国目前的实际情况,以期从法学研究的角度为我国职业体育的深化改革指出一条可行的路径。笔者通过综合运用考察文献资料、比较分析、案例分析、逻辑归纳等研究方法,得出以下这些基本结论:职业体育联盟是职业体育俱乐部联合起来生产竞赛产品的职业体育组织,它既是一个组织机构,也是一种运营模式。它因为体育竞赛的特性而不同于一般的企业集团,拥有自己独特的目标、投资、竞争、营销、激励和约束机制,形成为类似于“卡特尔”的垄断组织。它的优越性在于最大程度地满足了体育竞赛的特殊要求,更好地协调各方利益,避免恶性竞争,便于实现经济效益的最大化。同时它也为职业体育投资者创设了合理可行的联赛管理和利润分配模式,真正做到了权责明确。我国目前的职业体育改革还存在诸多问题,突出表现在宏观层面上联赛的管理体制不尽合理,具有浓厚行政色彩的单项体育协会掌握了过多的管理权限,而联赛的真正投资者职业俱乐部却处于无权状态;微观层面上各职业俱乐部产权关系不明晰,内部组织管理混乱,难以适应市场开发的要求。要改革这样的现状,就必须同时从这两大方面入手,以建立真正意义的职业体育联盟为标准来衡量,从立法的角度扫清现存的各种障碍。因为职业体育联盟特殊的经营方式,其在竞争法上不可避免的遭遇挑战,发达国家在这个问题上多采取审慎态度,力求在保护公平的市场秩序、维护相关各方的竞争利益与尊重体育竞赛的特殊性之间找到合理的平衡。对于我国来说,应该在反垄断的相关立法中对这一问题有未雨绸缪的考虑,并在现阶段着力解决职业联赛中的不公平竞争问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fast development of sports industries is an inevitable phenomenon of prevailing economic development. Against the background of acceleration of professionalization reform in sports industries and 2008 Olympic Games to be held, it is worthwhile that more attention be drawn on this issue. Based on my research, there are many problems to solve throughout the development of professional sports league in China when compared to that of western developed countries. More discussions and guidance shall be applied to the practice of reform in theory. From this point of view, the author of this essay has reviewed the best pattern for development of professional sports industries in western developed countries– Professional Sports League System. Summarizing the merits, especially those advanced experiences on the frame of the legal environment, and referring to the actual situation in our country, this essay has tried to point out a feasible way to follow for the deep reform in professional sports industries from the angle of the law researches.We have come to following basic conclusions through the comprehensive researches on literature materials, comparative analysis, case study, logistic inductions, etc.Professional Sports League is a professional organization based on the games held by the united professional sports clubs. It is an organization and pattern of operation as well. It differs from normal enterprises for the unique features of sports games. It has its own particular purposes, investments, competitions, marketing, promotion & regulation mechanism, and it looks more like a monopoly origination“Cartel”. Its most superior characteristics satisfy the special requirements of the sports competition to the maximum extent, enable better coordination among different parties, help to avoid vicious competition and help to maximize the profit. Meanwhile, it also establishes the reasonable & workable patterns of league matches management and profit allocation for investors of the professional sports industries. It clearly definites the responsibilities and rights.There are still many problems in the prevailing reform of the professional sports industries. Macroscopically, the management system of the sports league is not quite reasonable. Monomial sports associations with dense administrative power have predominated too many management rights while the actual investors of the sports更多还原