【作者】 阮静；

【导师】 江元汝；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 应用化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来中药中微量元素的研究受到人们广泛的关注,微量元素对人体健康,生长发育和防治疾病都有着密切的关系,研究发现中药的药效与所含微量元素及各种微量元素含量比值有关。因此,测定中药中微量元素的含量及相对比值能够为阐明中药的作用机理,中医症侯诊断以及探讨中药配制工艺提供一定的信息和理论依据。本文首次对药食两用植物丁香中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni等微量元素的含量水平、元素的初级形态、次级形态以及丁香的生物活性进行了较为详细的研究。 首先利用原子吸收分光光度法测定了丁香中几种微量元素的含量水平,并对其与中药疗效的相关性进行了初步探讨。结果表明丁香中Fe、Mn、Zn的含量较高,尤以Fe、Mn的含量最多,而Cu和Ni的含量少。Fe、Mn微量元素对体内多种酶有活性作用,对核酸、蛋白质合成代谢,免疫过程等都有直接或间接作用,在人体内起着重要的作用,是丁香的各种药用价值的主要原因。Zn/Cu值远低于高血压患者血清和红细胞中的Zn/Cu值,可以降低高血压患者红细胞中的Zn/Cu值,从而使血压下降。这些结果为临床的选药以及中药微量元素存在形态的研究提供了一定的理论参考。 在测定元素含量水平的基础上,对丁香中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn四种元素进行了初级形态研究。按照初级形态分析流程,制备各样品,用原子吸收分光光度法测定其含量,并计算出提取率、浸留比等形态分析参数。结果表明,元素在药渣中含量也较高,说明药渣还具有一定的利用价值。在形态分析实验中,采用不同的提取方法进行了对比试验,最后选取微波萃取法作为提取方法,研究发现Mn的浸留比最大,表明Mn发挥的药效大,可将锰看作是丁香中作用大的特征元素。初级形态分析的研究结果得到比元素总量测定更多和更有用的信息,为临床用药、进一步确定中药中元素的形态,以及探讨治疗机理提供了一定的理论参考。 在初级形态分析的基础上,对丁香中铜、锌、铁、锰四种元素进行了次级形更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years the research of microelements in Chinese traditional medicines has attracted more and more attention. Microelements are related to people’s healthy, upgrowth and malady’s prevention and cure closely. The research has been discovered that the pharmic effect of Chinese traditional medicines has the relationship with the kind and content of differently microelement. So determining the content and ratio of microelement in Chinese plant can provide enough information and academic basis for clarifying Chinese plant’s action mechanism, discussing Chinese medicine’s confection technics. The contents, primary and secondary-level speciation of microelements (Cu 、 Zn 、 Fe 、 Mn 、 Ni) in medical and edible dual purpose plant -clove, and biological activities of clove ,were studied detailed in this paper for the first time.The contents of some microelements in clove were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, the relationship between the content and their effect was discussed. The study shows that the contents of Fe、 Mn 、 Zn are abundant in clove, especially the contents of Fe and Mn are at best, and the contents of Cu and Ni are little. The microelements of Fe and Mn are the main resaons of diversified officinal value in clove and play an important role in the inner of the body, because the microelements of Fe and Mn not only have active role to the enzyme in the inner of the body, but also have the direct or indirect role to the nucleic acid and protein’s anabolism, immunity and so on. The average Zn/Cu ratio of clove is lower than the ratio in serum or erythrocyte of valetudinarian of hypertension. Thus the clove can reduce the Zn/Cu ratio of erythrocyte in valetudinarian of hypertension, consequently reduce the hypertension of valetudinarian. The results offered some academic reference in selecting medicine and analyzing the speciation of microelement.Primary speciation of four elements (Cu、 Zn、 Fe、 Mn) in clove were studied onthe basis of contents of microelements. The contents of primary speciation sample which had obtained from primary analytical flow were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameter of primary speciation analysis, such as extractive rate, immerse-residue ratio and so on, was also calculated. The concentration of four elements in residue of clove was high, which showed that the residue was still valuable. In the experiment of speciation analysis, we choose the microwave extraction way as the best extraction means at last by making contrastive experiment of different extraction methods.The research indicates that the immerse-residue ratio of Mn is best and Mn plays an important medical role, so Mn can be considered as the best characteristic element in clove. More datum and useful information were gained by primary speciation analysis than by total content of microelements. Therefore, the result of primary speciation analysis offered some academic reference for using Chinese herbal medicine, conforming analytical methods of higher speciation and exploring reasons of curing disease about Chinese herbal medicine.Secondary-level speciation of Cu. Zn, Fe and Mn in clove was studied on the base of the analysis of primary speciation. The organic and inorganic forms were divided by AmberliteXAD-2 macro reticular resin, Stable and labile forms were divided by 401 chelate resin. The presented result of secondary-level speciation indicated Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn all existed in jumbly forms, thereinto Mn , Cu, Zn almost existed in inorganic forms, Fe had half part organic and inorganic. So Cu, Zn , Fe and Mn almost existed in inorganic and labile forms in clove solution.Moreover, the result of experiment of antioxidable, antibacterial and anticancer role in clove indicated : The decay and deterioration of food can be reduced by clove as the natural antioxidant because of it’s strong inhibiting role to POD’s activity. The clove has strong antibacterial role to the Eschrichia coli and Staphylococcu Saureus, especially the antibacterial ratio to Staphylococcu Saureus can achieve 100%. It is strongly proves that the clove is safe and credible as natural antiseptic, and can be used for the food and cosmetic’s antisepsis. The clove water immersion original fluid has the very strong elimination function to NO2", the elimination rate of clove sample fluid to the NO2" can achieve 100%, so the clove as the natural food additive can stop the inferior nitre base chemical compound’s synthesis under the certain condition and has the remarkably anti-cancerous role. It can make beneficial attempt for expanding medicine source, enhancing the pharmacological action and expanding applicability if combine the chemical compound of clove with the pharmacological action organically. It also establishes the base for the natural medicine’s distilling, decorating andempoldering.更多还原