【作者】 赵娜；

【导师】 赵国华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 战国时期,群雄争霸。各诸侯国在经济、军事、外交等方面进行着激烈的斗争。纵观整个战国时期,齐国经历了从强盛到衰弱,再到强盛,再到衰弱的过程。这其中经历了无数次战争,但是很大程度上,齐国的争霸似乎都是靠一国之力维持,军事外交上的联合没有发挥多少作用。这是因为山东六国利益各异,即便是联合,各国也会较多考虑本国的战略规划,从而不能真正的一致对秦。相反,秦国利用六国之间的基本矛盾,总结本国在数次战争中的经验,采取“将欲取之,必先予之”的策略,分化六国联盟,坐收渔翁之利。 文章共分四章。第一章讲述齐国文化产生的自然环境和历史条件,因为我们要探讨齐国军事战略的制定,就必须了解齐国的国家方针,国家文化从深层意义上影响着政策的制定;第二章概括总结了战国时期齐国与其他几国的军事外交活动,主要是对秦、楚、三晋、燕;第三章从战略、外交等方面分析齐国的失误,齐国的失误主要在以下几个方面,一、总体战略不明,二、战略主动权缺失,巩固既得利益的措施不当;最后一章,对比齐国与秦国以及其他几国的文化特点,找出齐国文化中不适应六国统一的因素。比如齐文化相对秦文化的浪漫因为、保守因素等,都是导致齐国失败的原因。 究其根本原因,笔者认为是两国文化的不同导致了战略制定上的差异。齐文化相对秦文化而言,开拓性不足,相对保守。强调个人才能的展现,整体水平欠佳。秦出身游牧,是典型的开拓性文化,这最终决定了其在军事战争中的胜利。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the Warring states period, a lot of kingdoms contended for hegemony. They conflicted furiously in economy, military affairs and diplomacy and so on. In a long view of the Zhanguo period, Qi kingdom experienced a process from strong to weak and again. The process included incalculable combats. The influences of the military and diplomatic union were limited and Qi kingdom had in some sense to depend on it own. Because of the different profits, the six kingdoms in the east considered more about their own plans and would not coincidently conflict with the Qin kingdom even if they got united. In the contrary, Qin kingdom made use of the basic conflicts between the six kingdoms and adopted the tactic which believed it has to give before gain. As a result, Qin kingdom disintegrated the union and benefited from it.This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter relates the natural environment and history condition that Qi cultural originated in, if we wanted to discuss Qi’s militarily strategy, we should know its political policy , and this is affected by the cultral;the second summaries all the diplomatic action that Qi did;in the third chapter, I analyze the error which Qi made from different aspects, for example: the main strategy is not clear, did not enough to control all the benefits it had got;the last one contrast the differences in the seven country’s cultural and find out why Qi can’t achieve the nation’s union.In the author’ opinion, the differences of the tactics’ planning between the two kingdom fundamentally lays in the different culture. In contrast with the Qin culture, the Qi culture was somehow conservative and less exploratory, it emphasized to show people’s personal abilities and the collectivity was neglected. However, the Qin kingdom was formed by nomad and its culture was typically exploratory. In the end, the differences between their cultures determined the victor of the warfare.更多还原