美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策研究

【作者】 李丹阳；

【导师】 张国庆；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 行政管理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 自19世纪末20世纪初以来,美国联邦政府的食品药物管制公共政策经历了漫长而曲折的演变,表现为三种公共政策范式的更新替代。这三种公共政策范式分别是自由市场管制范式、规则管制范式和现代化——信息化管制范式。三种前后承继的公共政策范式之间存在着螺旋上升的关系。现代意义上的美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策,为美国人民的生命健康安全做出了重要贡献。但当代美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策却面临着尴尬的现实困境,存在着许多问题。造成这一现实困境的原因在于威尔逊——韦伯行政范式主导下的FDA管制模式已经不能适应当代食品药物管制的需要,困境的实质是一场公共政策的范式危机。为了化解危机,必须对当代美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策进行制度创新、实现公共政策范式的跃迁和转换。由此,本文对美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策的发展趋势进行了预测,认为加速实现管制范式的跃迁、侧重运用框架性治理工具实施管制、依靠食品药物企业的行业自律机制减少管制成本、借助私人药物认证机构分散管制压强、增强管制流程的开放性和透明度、积极参与、推动国际管制标准的和谐化进程等,将成为美国联邦政府食品药物管制公共政策的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis focuses on the issue of the evolution of the public policy paradigm of the Federal Government of USA on the regulation of food and drug. As this article puts it, there were three successive policy paradigms, which are called free-market paradigm, regulation paradigm and modernization-information paradigm. The modern regulation on food and drug has contributed a lot to the protection of the health of Americans. But at present, the policy system of food and drug regulation has been confronted with a deep end and consisted of several problems. The only way to solve these problems is to make institutional innovation, to help the policy system undertake the transition and shift of policy paradigm. This article also makes some predictions on the trends of public policy on food and drug regulation of the Federal Government of USA. These trends are accelerating the transition of policy paradigm, focusing on using the tools of framework governance, facilitating enterprises establish self-regulation mechanism, depending on private certifying bodies to share the pressure of regulation, openning the procedures of regulation, and taking part in the harmonization of international regulation.更多还原