【作者】 李梦；

【导师】 高宝嘉；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林保护， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术和酯酶同工酶标记检测了蚧虫在河北省不同地区种群之间皱大球蚧Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda、瘤坚大球蚧Eulecaniumgigantean Shinji、扁平球坚蚧Parthenolecanium corni Bouche 10个种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化。根据扩增图谱,运用NTSYS软件和Dps软件对蚧虫个种群的遗传多样性、遗传相似性系数等进行分析,同时根据遗传相似性系数进行聚类分析等。并根据数据分析结果进行了研究。 采用优化的RAPD技术,从22条随机引物中筛选出5条随机引物对蚧虫的10个种群进行了扩增,共获得103条清晰稳定的条带,多态位点共计68个。结果表明: 皱大球蚧和瘤坚大球蚧在河北省不同地理种群之间已经产生了一定程度的遗传分化,在地理位置上由南到北随地理距离的增加、生态环境的变化,差异变得越来越大,遗传差异与地理距离呈正相关。这可能与蚧虫的生态习性、地理位置和生态环境有密切关系。同时Shannon信息指数显示皱大球蚧的遗传多样性指数(0.3456)大于瘤坚大球蚧的遗传多样性指数(0.3225),说明皱大球蚧种群间遗传多样性丰富。 扁平球坚蚧在白蜡和刺槐两种不同寄主植物种群之间存在一定程度的差异,这种差异与扁平球坚蚧的生物学习性和寄主植物有关。可能是由于寄主营养条件及寄主内部不同结构所形成的小环境差异对扁平球坚蚧不同种群间遗传变异起到了重要作用。 遗传相似性分析和聚类分析发现种间的遗传差异明显大于同种内种群之间的遗传差异。同时从种群内个体的扩增结果来看,在同一地理种群内个体间的遗传特性相似程度高,保证了同一地理种群的的遗传稳定性。反映出从DNA水平上揭示的遗传差异程度与表型水平上的差异程度基本一致。 利用酯酶同工酶技术对RAPD标记的结果进行了验证,结果显示两种方法结论基本一致。两种方法都可以作为蚧虫种群遗传多样性研究的重要工具。 本试验旨在揭示蚧虫的遗传背景及各种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化与其生物学特性、寄主植物、环境因素的相互关系,为河北省部分蚧虫种群间基因流的研究提供了分子水平的实验证据,也为保护生物学的研究提供分子生物学方面的背景资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study,by use of RAPD and esterase isoenzyme technique,examined the genetic structure and divergence among the natural population of the coccoidea(Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda;Eulecanium gigantean Shinji;Parthenolecanium corni Bouche) collected from different areas in Hebei. Base on the amplification bands,using NTSYS and Dps software,genetic diversity,genetic similarities and cluster analysis were analyzed.According to the data analysis and in-depth research.Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) provides a powerful tool for investigation of genetic variation of 10 natural populations ( collected from Handan, Shijiazhuang, Baoding,Chengde). Among different geographic stocks, Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda and Eulecanium gigantean Shinji has already produced heredity differentiation in the certain degree in Hebei province. From the south to the north with the changes of location and ecological environment, differences become more apparent. Genetic diversity and geographic distance is a relevant relationship. This may be related to Ecological habits,geographic location and Ecological Environment closely.At the same time information index showed genetic diversity index (0.3456) of great ball horned toad Wrinkle is greater than that (0.3456) of Eulecanium gigantean Shinji big balls horned toad.This shows the genetic diversity of big ball horned toad Wrinkle is rich .The Parthenolecanium corni Bouche has the certain degree difference between two kind of host plants population(Fraxinus chinensis Raxb, Robinia pseudoacacia Linn ). This kind of difference and biology habit and host plant related.Genetic analysis and cluster analysis showed inter-species heredity difference obviously to be bigger than the homogeneous in between population the heredity difference . Meanwhile the individual expands from the population increases the result to show, the individual heredity characteristic similar degree is high, has guaranteed the identical geography population the heredity stability in the identical geography population. Reflected the heredity difference degree is consistent from the DNA level with the phenotype level.The results achieved by the methods of either esterase isoenzyme or RAPDs revealed the same genetic pattern of variation. Two methods can be used as important tools for researching stocks genetic diversity of the scale insects.This test has developed a set of optimized response system of RARD and procedures of PCR. The study revealed the relations between genetic diversity ,genetic differentiation and Biological characteristics, host plants, environmental factors of Variousgroupings . This article provided the molecular level experimental evidence for the research of gene flow among population of the scale insects in Hebei province, and also made positive exploration in protection biology from the perspective of molecular biology.更多还原