【作者】 张立彬；

【导师】 甄二英；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 蛋白质饲料不足是世界性难题,研制开发复合蛋白饲料是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。本项研究旨在研制一种复合蛋白饲料作为豆粕的代用品,以降低饲料成本,保证饲料的正常生产和销售,促进养殖业的健康发展。 本试验根据动物营养学的基本原理,利用饲料营养经济学的理论,采用多种原料合理搭配辅以添加剂调整,结合有效的氨基酸保护加工方法,以玉米蛋白粉、棉粕、菜粕和DDGS（Dialillers Drier Grains plus Solubles酒糟及其残留物）为原料以不同比例混合,研制出复合蛋白饲料SSM（Substitute for Soybean Meal）,并用于完全替代生长育肥猪中的豆粕。 试验选取生长发育相近,体重约45kg的长白×大白二元去势公猪48头,采取单因子随机分组试验,分为四组,每组设两个重复,每个重复6头为一栏。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用SSM₁（玉米蛋白粉0.4、棉粕0.3、DDGSO.15、菜粕0.13、赖氨酸0.018、添加剂0.002）、SSM:（玉米蛋白粉0.4、棉粕0.4,DDGSO.18、赖氨酸0.018、添加剂0.002）、SSM₃（玉米蛋白粉0.43、棉粕0.37,和DDGS0.18、赖氨酸0.018、添加剂0.002）替代生长育肥猪日粮中的全部豆粕（13%）。分别比较3种SSM复合蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长肥育性能、血液生理生化指标、免疫指标、激素指标、粪便菌群、胴体品质、营养物质表观消化率的影响并进行经济效益的分析。结果表明: ①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日增重分别提高了0.19%（P>0.05）、0.88%（P>0.05）、1.39%（P>0.05）。经比较,试验Ⅲ组的生产性能的改善最明显; ②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）; ③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血液生理（WBC、RBC、HGB、MCHC、MCV、MCH、HCT、PLT）、血清生化（血糖、血钙、血磷、总胆固醇、总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、BUN、AKP、LDH、GOP、GPT）、免疫（IgG）、激素（GH、T₃、T₄）等指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）: ④与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粪便菌群（大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌）差异均不显著（P>0.05）: ⑤与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胴体品质指标（屠宰率、后腿比例、眼积面积）差异均不显著（P>0.05）; ⑥试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组每头猪在生长育肥阶段的纯收入分别为176.63元、187.88元、205.86元、173.91元,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别多收入2.72元、13.97元、31.95元,经济效益可观。 综上所述,3种SSM复合蛋白饲料全部替代豆粕对生长育肥猪生长肥育性能、血液生理生化指标、免疫指标、激素指标、粪便菌群、胴体品质、营养物质表观消化率无不良影响;饲料成本与对照组相比大大降低,提高了经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a world difficult problem that the protein feed is insufficient, so developing compound protein feeds is one of the effective ways to solving this problem.This research aims at developing the substitutes of soybean meal, a kind of compound protein feed, in order to reduce the feed cost, guarantee the normal production and sale of the feed, promote the sound development of the animal’s feeding.Under the basic principles of animal nutrition, the use of feed nutrition economics theory, the use of raw materials mixing with reasonable adjustment and the effective protection methods, this test mixed corn gulten, cotton seed meal, rapeseed meal and DDGS（Dialillers Drier Grains plus Solubles） in different ratios, developed SSM（Substitute for Soybean Meal） compound protein feed, and completely replaced the soybean meal.48 growing-closely, weight roughly of 45kg, longwhite-York crossed castrated pigs were chosen, the test adopted the single factor and divided into 4 groups, there were 2 replications of each treatment and 6 pigs each replications. The whole soybean meal in the ration of growing-and-finishing pigs was respectively replaced by SSM₁（corn gulten0.4, cotton seed meal 0.3, DDGS 0.15, apeseed meal 0.13, lys 0.018, additive 0.002）, SSM₂（corn gulten 0.4, cotton seed meal 0.4, DDGS 0.18, lys 0.018, additive 0.002）, SSM₃（corn gulten 0.43, cotton seed meal 0.37, DDGS 0.18, lys 0.018, dditive 0.002）. Respectively compared the effects of three SSM complex protein feed on performances of growth and fattening, blood physiological biochemical indicators, immunization indicators, hormone indicators, excrement fungu groups, carcass quality, the utilization rate of nutrition substance and the analysis of economic efficiency. The results showed:①Compared with the control group, Pilot I, II, Ill’s ADG respectively increased 0.19%（P>0.05）, 0.88%（P>0.05）, 1.39%（P>0.05）. By comparison, the Pilot III is better in the performance of production;②Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences between the groups in nutrient substance utilization rate（CP, CF, EE, Ash, Ga, P）;③Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences between the groups in the blood physiological index（WBC, RBC, HGB, MCHC, MCV, MCH, HCT, PLT）, the blood biochemical index（blood albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, blood calcium, inorganic phosphorus, BUN, AKP, LDH, GOP, GPT）, the immunization indicators（IgG）, the hormone indicators（GH, T3, T4）;④Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences between the groups in excrement fungu groups;⑤Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences between the groups in carcass quality;?At the growing-and-finishing stage, the net income of pilot I, II, HI group and the control group is respectively 176.63yuan, 187.88 yuan, 205.86 yuan, 173.91 yuan. Compared with the control group, the pilot I, II, HI group is respectively 2.72 yuam 13.97 yuan, 31.95 yuan more, the economic benefit is remarlable.更多还原