【作者】 周如久；

【导师】 路丙社；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 分别运用主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析对太行山区引种栽培的20个阿月浑子品种的植物学特性、叶片解剖构造、光合能力、抗病性、物候期、经济性状、抗寒性等方面进行了比较研究;从中选出与生长适应性密切相关植物生长特性、叶片解剖构造、光合能力、抗病性等4个性状的22个指标,通过似近主成分分析对各品种进行排序,按综合评价值的高低,筛选出6个生长适应性优良的品种,进一步结合物候期和经济性状评价的结果,确立了适合在太行山区生产栽培的3个主栽品种与2个授粉树品种。研究结果如下: (1)利用主成分分析筛选的枝条总数、长果枝数、平均冠幅、干径、叶间距、生长量等7项植物学特性指标进行聚类分析,将20个阿月浑子品种划分为三类,通过判别分析鉴定出‘B’、Mateur、Peter、Sirora、Joley、Safeed、M38、LarnaKa、Ashoury、Aegina等10个品种表现出较高等的植物生长特性。 (2)通过主成分分析筛选出栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度/叶片总厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海面组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮厚度等5项叶片解剖构造性状指标对20个阿月浑子品种进行了聚类分析,可分为三类,利用判别分析从中鉴定出具有高等的叶片解剖构造类型品种为‘B’、M-38,中等的叶片解剖构造性状类型品为Aegina、Safeed、Sirora、M-38、Ouleimy、新疆选优、新疆品种、Kerman、Avidon、Joley、Lamaka、Mateur、Peter、Ashoury。 (3)在聚类分析的基础上利用判别分析从阿月浑子20个品种中鉴定出‘B’、Avidon、Aegina、Safeed、Sirora、M-38等6个品种具有较高的光合速率和水分利用效率。利用主成分分析筛选出的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率3个光合生理指标对20个阿月浑子品种进行聚类分析,可分为4个类群,包括两个亚类,并通过判别分析从中鉴定出‘B’、Avidon、Aegina、Safeed、Sirora、M-38等6个品种具有优良的光合性状。 利用叶片PS Ⅱ光化学能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ潜在活性Fv/Fo、光化学淬灭系数qP和非光化学淬灭系数qN等4个荧光动力学参数指标对20个阿月浑子品种进行聚类分析,在此基础上通过判别分析鉴定出‘B’、新疆选优、Latwhardy、‘C’、M-38、Safeed等6个品种具有优良的光合潜能。 对阿月浑子光合和荧光指标进行主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析,鉴定出‘B’、Aegina、Safeed等3个品种表现出高等的光合能力,Peter、Ashoury、Ouleimy、Sfax、M-38、新疆选优、新疆品种等7个品种具有较高的光合能力。 (4)利用叶斑病、枯萎病和流胶病的3个染病率指标对阿月浑子20个品种进行聚类分析,将其划分为6类,通过判别分析鉴定出Mateur、‘B’、Ashoury、Peter和M-38等5个品种具有较好抗病性。 (5)利用主成分分析筛选出的果穗数、果穗粗、出仁率、果宽、果重、仁长、仁重7个经济性状指标对7个阿月浑子进行了聚类分析,将其划分为两类,利用判别分析从中鉴定出Aegina、M-38、Ashoury等3个品种具有较好的经济性状。物候期观察与‘B’、Peter和Mateur的经济性状方差分析结果表明,‘B’与Mateur相结合作为阿月浑子授粉树较好。越冬保存率观察结果表明,阿月浑子20个品种均表现出较强的抗寒能力,受冻害程度轻。 (6)选取与阿月浑子生长适应性相关性较高的植物生长特性、叶片解剖构造、光合能力、抗病性等4个性状22项指标进行似近主成分分析,筛选出太行山区阿月更多还原

【Abstract】 Botanical character,leaf anatomic structure, photosynthetic capability, disease resistance, phenological period, commercial character and cold-resistance of 20 varieties of pistachio were studied through principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discrimination analysis in Taihang mountains. 22 indexes of the botanical character, leaf anatomic structure, photosynthetic capability and disease resistance character with which high correlation to the growth adaptation characteristic were selected. And the 20 varieties of pistachio were evaluated through the resemblance-near principal component analysis with those indexes, 6 cultivars of pistachio were selected as the best cultivars in growth adaptation character. These who combine to the comprehensive evaluation results of the phenological period, commercial character and cold-resistance, 3 principal cultivars and 2 pollination cultivars could be selected in 20 different varieties of pistachio. The results as follow:(1) 7 botanical character indexes (total branch, ong branch quantity, average crown diameter, stem diameter, scion growth height, internode length, shoot growth) of significant effects on classification were selected through principal component analysis. 20 different varieties of pistachio were classified into 4 groups through cluster analysis. By means of discrimination analysis, ’B’, Mateur, Peter, Sirora, Joley, Safeed, M38, LarnaKa, Ashoury, Aegina were selected as the excellent botanical character cultivars.(2) 5 leaf anatomic structure indexes (the thickness ratio of palisade tissue and leaf, the thickness ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue, the thickness of palisade, spongy and underneath epidermise) were selected by principal component analysis, and then through cluster analysis, 20 different varieties of pistachio were classified into 4 groups. By discrimination analysis, ’B’,M-38 were selected as the best cultivars in leaf anatomic structure character, Aegina, Safeed, Sirora, M-38, Ouleimy, Xinjiang selected, Xingjiang cultivars,Kerman, Avidon, Joley, Larnaka, Mateur, Peter and Ashoury were selected as the midding cultivars in leaf anatomic structure character.(3) By means of cluster and discrimination analysis, ’B’, Avidon, Aegina, Safeed, Sirora and M-38 were selected as the fine cultivars in both photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency among the20 different varieties of pistachio.3 photosynthetic character indexes (Pn, E, WUE) of significant effects on classification were selected through principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was used to classify the photosynthetic characters of pistachio varieties and 20 different varieties of pistachio were classified into 4 groups and 2 subgroups according to these indexes, then by means of discrimination analysis, ’B’, Avidon, Aegina, Safeed, Sirora, M-38 were identified which owned excellent photosynthetic character.The results of cluster and discrimination analysis with 4 chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (the conversion efficiency of primary light energe (Fv/Fm) of PsⅡ, the potential photosynthetic activity(Fv/Fo) of Ps Ⅱ, the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the Non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) ) in 20 different varieties ofpistachio illustrated that 6 cultivars (’B’, Xinjiang selected, Latwhardy, ’C\ M-38, Safeed) were identified which owned excellent potential photosynthetic ability.The results of principal component, cluster and discrimination analysis on photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence indexes in 20 different varieties of pistachio illustrated that 3 cultivars (’B’, Aegina, Safeed) were by far the best and 7cultivars (Peter, Ashoury, Ouleimy, Sfax, M-38, Xingjiang select. Xingjiang cultivars) were by far the better among the 20 different pistachio varieties.(4) Cluster analysis was used to classify the incidence of diseases indexes (sigatoka disease, fusarium wilt, gummosis) of pistachio varieties and 20 different varieties of pistachio were classified into 6 groups. By means of discrimination analysis, Mateur, ’B’, Ashoury, Peter and M-38 were identified which owned excellent disease Resistance character.(5) 7 economic traits indexes (the number of spike/scion, spike diameter, kernel/stone, fruit diameter, fruit weight, nutlet length, nutlet weight) were selected through principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was used to classify the economic traits of pistachio varieties and 7 different varieties of pistachio were classified into 2 groups. Aegina, M-38 and Ashoury were identified which owned excellent economic traits by discrimination analysis.The phenological period investigated and the results of analysis of variance on economic traits of ’B’, Peter and Mateur illustrated that ’B’ combined to Mateur should be the optimum arrangement of pollination trees.All of the 20 different pistachio varieties had showed high cold-resistance characteristic, the damage degree of cold was light.(6) 22 indexes of botanical character, leaf anatomic structure, photosynthetic capability and disease resistance with which high correlation to the growth adaptation characteristic were selected, by means of resemblance-near principal component analysis, ’B’, Aegina, Peter , Ashoury, Safeed and M-38 were identified by far the best among the 20 different pistachio varieties in the growth adaptation character.(7) The ’B’ cultivar had showed excellent economic trait and growth adaptation character, the Mateur had showed common growth adaptation character. However the Mateur owned high disease Resistance character and its phenological period was in coincide with female cultivars. So, Comprehensive evaluated ’B’ combined to Mateur should be the optimum arrangement of pistachio pollination trees. Aegina, Ashoury and M-38 had showed excellent economic traits and growth adaptation characters, which would be the principal cultivars in Taihang mountains.更多还原