植物纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料的开发

【作者】 王春红；

【导师】 王瑞；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 植物纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有韧性好、环保绿色、废弃处理容易、质量轻及可持续发展等优点,在国外已被用于汽车、建筑等民用领域,而国内这方面的研究刚刚处于起步阶段。本课题选择力学性能较为优良的竹、麻纤维制作热塑性复合材料,旨在节省钢材、木材及替代普通工程塑料,以加速复合材料民用化的发展,在环境保护和资源保护方面都有非常重要的意义。 课题研究包括四部分内容,分别是竹原纤维的提取、原材料的准备与性能分析、预成型件和复合材料的制备与性能测试分析、复合材料力学性能的模糊综合评判。 竹原纤维的力学性能优于麻纤维,但由于国内外对竹原纤维的制取工艺研究得不够成熟,课题在借鉴麻纤维化学脱胶工艺的基础上,采用最优设计方法对爆破后的竹原纤维提取工艺进行了优化设计,提取出拉伸强度为5.5cN/dtex、纤维长径比为2000:1、柔软度较高、适用于非织造工艺的竹原纤维。纤维性能测试中主要对增强纤维和基体纤维的力学、热学性能进行了测试,测定出竹原、亚麻纤维的热分解温度分别是302.3℃、324℃,亚麻纤维的拉伸强度为5.2cN/dtex;基体纤维中低熔点聚酯、聚丙烯纤维的大致熔点分别是165℃、168.94℃,测试结果可以为模压温度的确定提供依据。将增强、基体纤维混合体充分开松混合后在梳理机上梳理成网以制备预成型件,为了提高纤维网中增强纤维分布的均匀性,采用了三遍梳理工艺,采用平行铺网方式制备的预成型件定重为1200g/m~2,其中增强、基体纤维的混比被确定为40:60,50:50或60:40;采用模压成型工艺制备复合材料,模压时间、压力分别被确定为30min、30MPa,低熔点聚酯基复合材料、聚丙烯复合材料的模压温度分别被确定为165℃和190℃;通过对材料拉伸断面的SEM图片分析,阐明了竹原纤维与低熔点聚酯的良好界面相容性。 依据部分实验结果,采用模糊综合评判的方法对材料的力学性能进行了评定与优化,确定出了力学性能最为优良的三种材料分别为:竹原纤维/低熔点聚酯基复合材料(40:60),竹原、亚麻纤维/聚丙烯基复合材料(25:25:50),竹原纤维/聚丙烯基复合材料(50:50),三种材料的纵横向拉伸强度均超过了80MPa,纵横向弯曲强度均超过了350MPa。通过与普通工程用玻璃纤维增强塑料之间的性能比较与分析,判断出课题所开发出的材料可适用于汽车、建材领域的产品。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plant fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite has some advantages such as high tenacity, environmental protection, easy handling about disuse, light weight, continual development and so on, and has been used in car and architecture industry in foreign countries, but in China less work has been done on this research. The task takes the raw bamboo fiber and flex with high mechanics property to make thermoplastic composite, so as to economize steel, wood and in stead of common engineering plastic, accelerate the development of civil use for composite, and plays important role in the protection of environment and resource.The task contains four parts: they are respectively the distilling of raw bamboo fiber, preparation and analysis of fiber, the making and testing of performing and composite together with the puzzling integrating judgment for the physical properties of the composites.The mechanics property of the bamboo fiber excels flex, for the making technology of raw bamboo fiber is not perfect both in and abroad, on the basis of the chemical unglued technology of flex, the task adopts optimum project to optimize the distilling technology of raw bamboo made by the blowing up technology, and the tensile strength reaches to 5.5cN/dtex, the proportion of the length to diameter reaches to 2000:1, the pliability is high and can be used by non-woven technology for the distilled fiber. The mechanical and thermal properties have been tested for the reinforced fiber and thermoplastic fiber, and confine that the thermal peak temperature of the raw bamboo fiber and flex are respectively 302.3 ℃ and 324℃;the approximate melting point of low melting point polyester and polypropylene fiber are respectively 165℃ and 168.94℃, the testing results can be the basis for confining the moulding temperature. The fiber admixture is opened and carded by the opening and carding machines to make perform, and in order to raise the uniformity of the reinforced fiber in fiber web, the times of carding are confined as four, and the density is 1200 g/m~2 for perform made by parallel web making technology, and the blend proportion is confined as 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40;the moulding technology is adopted to make composite, the moulding time and pressure are confined as 30minutes and 30MPa, the moulding temperature are respectively 165℃ and 190℃ according to the low melting point polymer resin and polypropylene resin;and by the analysis of the SEM pictures of the tensile broken section, conclude that the compatibility of interface between raw bamboo fiber and resin is more stronger.According to part of the results of the experiment, the puzzling integrating judgment has been adopted to assess and optimize the mechanical property of the composites, and assure the three most excellent composites, they are respectively the composite with 40/60 as blend proportion of the raw bamboo fiber to low melting point polyester resin, the composite with 25/25/50 as blend proportion of the raw bamboo fiber to flax, and to polypropylene resin,together with the composite with 50/50 as blend proportion of the raw bamboo fiber to polypropylene resin, for the three kind of composite, the tensile strength of horizontal and vertical orientation are all surpass 80 MPa, and the blending strength of horizontal and vertical orientation are all surpass 350 MPa. By the contrast and analysis, confine that the composite can be used in car and architecture areas.更多还原