【作者】 杨旭；

【导师】 申卫星；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从对《民法通则》第133条的质疑入手,研究现行法所体现的被监护人致人损害责任制度。从典型案例收集开始,关注我国相关的法律、法规及司法解释规定,采用了比较法、解释学以及案例分析法等方法,将归纳和演绎相结合,从法解释论和立法论的角度探讨被监护人致人损害责任制度。通过这样一套研究方法和思路,以期理顺法律概念、法律关系和法律规定之间的关系,用理论指导实践,在实践中检验理论,并不断完善与发展现有理论,从而达到方便法律适用或者通过在立法上提出合理建议而指导司法实践工作的基本目标。本文对无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的民事责任能力进行着重分析,尝试对旧有理论中民事责任能力以民事行为能力为前提,凡无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人均无民事责任能力的观点提出质疑,揭示传统理论中无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人均无任何责任能力与现行法规和司法实践中以无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的财产为清偿的矛盾。笔者在深入分析的基础上,提出无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人具备承担民事赔偿的责任能力。并进而推断被监护人致人损害责任的性质为被监护人自己责任与监护人补充责任的结合。对于归责原则问题,被监护人致人损害,笔者认为原则上监护人承担民事责任与其监护有无过错并无直接关系,应当理解为无过错原则,并尝试论述之。本文对单位作为监护人时是否应当承担财产赔偿责任的问题亦进行了讨论,提出了应当规定单位监护人也承担财产赔偿责任的理由。更多还原

【Abstract】 Starting from questioning the Article 133 of General Principles of The Civil Lawof The People’s Republic of China, this thesis aims to do research on system of civilliability of damages causing by person under guardianship. Typical cases, relevantlaws, regulations and judicial interpretations are collected in the paper. Methods ofcomparison, expounding, case analyzing, induction and deduction are used to discusssystem of civil liability of damages causing by person under guardianship in the angleof explanation of the standing law. The theory can be used to guide the practice, andduring the practice, the theory can be proved right or wrong, and to be consummated.The purpose of the thesis is also to make clear the connection of legal concepts, legalrelations as well as law and regulations through the methods introduced above and tofacilitate the application of law or guide the judicial practice by putting forwardappropriate suggestions on legislation.The discussion of relationship between capacity for civil liability and capacityfor civil conduct lays a theoretical foundation of principles of liability attribution.Capacity for civil liability and capacity for civil conduct are not only closelyconnected, but also independent and different from each other in enacting purpose,judgment standard and effectiveness and functions.For principles of liability attribution, according to the law, no matter whether theguardian has faults subjectively or not, he or she must take on the civil liability fordamages causing by people under guardianship. Accordingly, the principles of theguardian taking on civil liability can be regarded as non-fault liability attributionprinciples. If the guardian can prove that he or she has no faults subjectively, his orher civil liability can be reduced appropriately, which is a judgment by the law afterthe balance of benefits of all parties and the society.For taking on the civil liability of damages causing by person underguardianship, non-unit guardian bears substitutable and/or supplementary liability,while unit guardian takes on appropriately complementary liability within itscapability of compensation. The person who shall bear civil liability of damagescausing by person under guardianship is determined by the property of the personunder guardianship as the follows: If person under guardianship without propertycauses damages to others, his or her guardian shall bear the civil liability;If personunder guardianship with property causes damages to others, the expenses ofcompensation shall be paid from his or her property;If the person has not enoughproperty to compensate, shortfalls in such expenses shall be appropriatelycompensated for by the non-unit guardian;Unit guardian takes on appropriatelycomplementary liability within its capability of compensation;If the guardian canprove that he or she has fulfilled the guardianship responsibility, that is, has no faultssubjectively, his or her civil liability can be reduced appropriately.更多还原