【作者】 江伟；

【导师】 黎宏；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 刑法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 从我国现行立法和通说的角度来理解共同犯罪的主观要件内容是指共同行为人具有共同的犯罪故意,并且该犯罪故意在共同犯罪人之间有相互的交流和沟通。在这种理解之下,关于共同犯罪主观要件的内容实际上就被限定在比较狭窄的范围之内了。由于这种理解,使得三个相关问题争议比较明显。首先,因为片面共犯的场合缺少犯罪故意在共犯人之间的联络,片面共犯无法适用共犯的处罚原理进行处罚。其次,在需要确定某行为是否超出了共同故意时,通说都将这种情况排除在共犯的错误之外而从共犯种类的角度来进行讨论,这种分析方法显得比较凌乱而没有统一的理论背景,以至对于某行为的性质认定常常出现各持己见的混乱局面。最后,共同过失的行为因为现行立法的明确否定以及不符合通说对于共同犯罪主观要件的理解也无法存在。针对以上的这些问题,本文在分析总结了现有理论的基础上,对共同犯罪的主观要件内容做了扩张性的理解。首先,本文将通说中共同犯罪的成立需要各共犯人之间有意思联络的理解扩张到了即使只是部分共犯人对共同犯罪的内容有认识时也能成立共同犯罪。由于利用现有的理论对片面共犯进行处罚显得有些无力,同时片面共犯又具有相同于传统意义上的共犯的处罚依据,所以需要借助于共犯的处罚原理来进行处罚。但是此时的片面共犯概念是不同于传统意义上的共同犯罪的,仅仅是片面共犯人构成共同犯罪,而其他对共同犯罪毫无意识的犯罪人不属于共犯的范畴。这样做就可以修正的单方面对片面共犯人适用部分行为全部责任的处罚原则,而不至于让片面共犯人逃脱责任。其次,利用错误理论来分析如何确定实行行为超出了共同故意,而不属于共同犯罪的范畴。1由于共同犯罪的故意是各个共犯人主观认识的统一,因此,在实行行为超出了共同犯罪的故意时,实际上就是非超过行为的共犯人对共同犯罪的认识发生了错误。将刑法的错误理论和我国立法相结合,可以为确定某行为是否超出了共同犯罪提供统一的标准。最后,从立法论上主张对共同犯罪的主观要件的理解应当扩大到共同过失的范畴。共同过失行为的危害以及规定共同过失犯罪所将带来的积极作用都要求在立法上应当认可共同过失犯罪。更多还原

【Abstract】 There shall be a common intent between the accomplices according to thepresent legislation and the prevailing academic theory. However such limitedunderstanding caused great disputes in three areas as follows: First, in the case of halfconspiracy where the common intent between the parties doesn’t exist, the principleof joint crime is not applicable to such case since there are only some but not all theparties of the crime is aware of happening and nature of the joint crime. Short ofshared intent, the half conspiracy can not be considered as joint crime. Second, whenascertaining whether some behavior belong to the surplus of joint crime, thetraditional way is discussed from all kinds of conspiracy one by one and not use thecriminal theory of mistake. This way can not provide a uniform support when tryingto resolve the problem. Finally, unpremeditated joint crime is denied in our criminallegislation, and this also would be a dilemma in the future.Based on the summary of the existing theories, the dissertation makes somedifferent comprehensions and expands the subjective element of the joint crime.In the first place, the dissertation believes that the joint crime could come intoexist even only some but not all of the parties have consciences of that the happeningand nature of the joint crime. But the joint crime is not like the traditional joint crime,which only refers to the parties who have consciences and not include the otherparties who have not consciences of the joint crime. Therefore, the half conspiracywill have reasonable base to be punished.In the next place, the criminal theory of mistake can be applied whenascertaining whether the behavior beyond the joint crime. Given the other parties’behavior in a joint crime as the environment of one party, when the other parties’behavior different from the intent of the party, it is also a common mistake. So we cancertainly use the mistake theory to analyze the issue.Lastly, the dissertation advances that the unpremeditated joint crime should beaccepted by legislation. This is because of the developing situation of society today.更多还原