【作者】 胡涛；

【导师】 王霄锋；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 机械工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车转向杆系的设计对汽车的转向性能、轮胎磨损和车辆操纵稳定性等都有明显的影响。因此,转向杆系的优化设计是汽车前悬架-转向系统设计中的一项重要内容。论文分别研究了在两种悬架-转向系统中进行转向杆系优化设计的方法,即双横臂式独立悬架-齿轮齿条式转向系统和纵置板簧式非独立悬架-整体式转向系统。应用比较简单的坐标变换法分别对上述两种悬架-转向系统进行了空间运动学分析,为进行转向杆系的优化设计提供了比较准确的分析方法。提出了在上述两种悬架-转向系统中进行转向杆系优化设计的目标函数。该目标函数包含了满足内、外侧转向轮转角关系、干涉转角以及转向速比要求等三方面的内容,综合考虑了轮胎磨损、转向性能及车辆操纵稳定性等方面的要求。这一优化目标函数比较全面地反映了对汽车转向杆系的设计要求。基于上述空间运动学分析、优化目标函数和可变容差法开发出了转向杆系优化设计软件。该软件具有操作简便、人机交互性较好、计算准确、结果输出较为直观等特点。应用该软件可以比较方便、快速地进行有关类型汽车的转向杆系优化设计,具有工程应用价值。对11辆不同类型的汽车进行了内、外侧转向轮转角关系的测量工作,拟合出了它们的平均阿克曼校正率,这对于适当选择汽车的内、外轮转角关系具有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The design of steering linkage of motor vehicle has significant effects onvehicle’s steering performance, tire wear and handling and stability. So, the optimaldesign of steering linkage is an important aspect in the design of vehicle’s frontsuspension-steering system.In present dissertation, the optimal design methods are studied fordouble-wishbone suspension-rack & pinion steering system and rigidaxle-longitudinal leaf spring suspension-integral steering system, respectively. Asimple coordinate transfer method is used to make spatial kinematics analysis for thetwo suspension-steering systems mentioned above, which presents an accurateanalysis method for the optimization of steering linkage. Optimization objectivefunctions for the two suspension-steering systems are presented, which focus onmeeting the requirements of the steering angle relationship between inner and outerfront wheels, interference steering angle caused by suspension compression andrebounding, and steering ratio of the vehicle. The objective functions consider therequirements of reducing tire wear, improving vehicle’s steering performance andhandling and stability performance. The objective functions presented are morecomprehensive and well reflect practical engineering requirements for the design ofsteering linkage of motor vehicle.The software for the optimization of steering linkages in the twosuspension-steering systems has been developed, which is based on the spatialkinematics analysis mentioned above, optimization objective functions presented andthe flexible tolerance method. The software is easy to operate, has friendly interface,good calculation accuracy and result output formats easy to understand. Theoptimization of steering linkages of light trucks can be made conveniently and rapidlywith it. Thus the software has high value of practical application.The relationships between inner and outer front wheel steering angles of 11vehicles of different type were measured and average Ackerman correction ratiosobtained by fitting the data measured, which is beneficial for selecting appropriaterelationship between inner and outer front wheel steering angles.更多还原