【作者】 赵峰；

【导师】 肖稳安； 戴连军；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 大气物理学与大气环境， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 大气中的水汽含量是了解大气变化的一个十分重要的信息,许多气象学者一直将水汽及其变化作为重要研究课题。但目前传统的探测手段存在许多局限性,严重制约了水汽资料在气象方面的应用。随着近几年GPS技术的飞速发展,GPS在水汽监测方面的研究引起越来越多科学家的关注,其作为一种新型的探测手段具有探测精度高,全天候,高时空分辨率,观测稳定,无需校正等优点,逐渐成为常规气象探测手段的有力补充。 本文重点概述地基GPS反演水汽的基本原理及近实时GPS水汽含量自动处理系统的研究。通过本文的陈述和研究可以看出整个系统为自动采集GPS观测数据和气象数据,自动下载星历文件,基于高精度处理软件,自动处理、存储、显示、报警的综合处理系统。 针对实现近实时GPS水汽自动处理系统的实际问题做出如下研究: 1、探讨利用北京市区域性地基GPS网实时获取测站上空绝对PWV的若干问题,根据北京GPS综合应用网的具体情况,提出实现水汽自动处理方案。包括数据双差技术处理软件、精密预报星历的使用、网外辅助站确定等问题。 2、整个系统流程采用现代通信、高精度自动化后处理、WEB网络发布等先进技术,解决基准站的数据采集后如何组织;如何集中处理和管理;如何发布;如何实现高实时性等问题。 3、利用该系统对2004年7月10日北京的一次强降水过程的大气水汽含量进行了反演,结果表明:在暴雨发生前3～4小时左右,GPS测量的气柱水汽含量在两小时内突增了6-7mm,很好地预示了其后的降水过程。可见该系统反演的全天候大气水汽场,可为准确监测和预报突发性强降水提供有意义的指标。 随着北京全球定位系统(GPS)综合网的建设,以及地基GPS水汽反演技术的不断成熟,建立实时GPS数据下载和水汽自动处理系统,可为气象科学研究提供所需的数据资料,促进地基GPS气象学的业务化发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water vapor is the very important message for us to understand atmospheric changes, so many meteorologists put water vapor and its variation as an important subject. However the scarcity of traditional atmospheric soundings greatly restricts the application of water vapor data in meteorology. With the great development of GPS technology in the recent years, the research on water vapor using GPS attracts more meteorologists. With its high precision, all weather, high temporal resolution, high reliability and no calibration, GPS became a complementary to the regular atmospheric soundings gradually.This paper mainly introduce the construction of near-real time GPS water vapor auto processing system and the process which retrieve the atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor. The system which basis on high precision process soft can collect weather and observation data, auto download Ephemeris data, auto process, store, display and warning. According to the problem how to realize the system, this paper make the following research. Firstly, this paper discuss some problem how to retrieve the atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor of each station in Beijing regional GPS network, and bring forward the auto process scheme. Secondly , the system adopt modern technology for example communicate, postprocessing with high precision , web display to resolve the problem at station on how to organize collecting data, display result and come true with near-real time. Finally, the system analyse the atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor at Shijingshan and Daxing in July 10, 2004. It suggests that the Water Vapor produced by this auto processing system can provide scientific reference for rainstorm monitoring and forecast.With the establishment of the Beijing GPS network and the retrieves advancement of GPS/MET technology, we set up an auto processing system to download the GPS data and retrieve the Precipitable Water Vapor, which will be the great potential in weather forecast and application in numeric weather model. Above all, the realization of the near-real time auto processing system can accelerate thedevelopment of GPS/MET business.更多还原