【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 余际从；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 产业经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 矿业是社会经济的基础产业,我国在两千多年前就已经出现了矿业活动。在封建社会历程中,矿业生产和农业生产几乎同步,不断发展壮大,是最早形成规模生产的行业之一,其生产水平和技术水平在世界上曾长期处于领先地位,在我国古代社会经济发展的中起到了举足轻重的作用。在新中国社会主义经济建设时期,矿产资源成为国家发展经济、保障安全的物资基础,在国民经济中占有极重要的地位。我国的工业化进程正是建立在矿业开发规模和深度的不断发展之上。目前,我国已成为世界第二矿业大国,矿业总产值超近5000亿元人民币,与矿业相关的能源原材料产业的产值超过2万亿元人民币,如果考虑制造业等下游产业,我国矿业支撑了70%以上国民经济总量及其相关部门的运转,形成了自成体系的能源与原材料矿产品的供应系统。但是,在长期的计划经济体制影响下和初级工业化背景下,政府直接参与并组织社会化大生产,并且只重视终端制造业产品,作为矿业主体的探矿业和采矿业被按照其支持的终端产品种类分割于各工业部门中,矿业失去了其独立的产业地位,其基础产业地位也只是理论上的说法,而并没有在国家的管理体制和政策中得到体现。在长期的工业建设中,矿业被当作一般的工业部门被过多地“抽血”,导致目前我国矿业面临的一系列问题,这集中体现在与“三农”问题并称的“四矿”(矿业、矿城、矿山、矿工)问题上。在当今我国经济转轨背景下,工业化已进入了新的历史时期,其发展模式已由依靠资源的粗放型投入转为依靠政策改善和技术进步的集约型增长上来。从循环经济的指导思想出发,在初级工业化中消耗过度的矿业也需要进行“反哺”,这种“反哺”体现在一系列的管理体制和产业政策的修改、完善上,但首先应当提上议程的就是国家明确定义矿业的内容、在国民经济的基础战略中确定矿业的独立、基础性产业地位,并据此制定以调整过高税赋为首要内容的扶持性政策。本文从考察产业地位的角度出发,通过分析我国矿业发展的历史与现状,思考其困境产业的根本原因,结合产业分类和产业地位评价等相关理论,以实证研究与与规范研究相结合、宏观分析与微观分析相结合、比较分析与统计分析相结合的方法,对矿业产业定位及发展对策问题进行了研究。认为:首先,应在国民经济行业的分类中,给予矿业以独立的地位,与一般工业划清界限,并界定以勘查业和采矿业为主体的矿业内容;其次,对于矿业的基础产业地位,应像“反哺”农业一样在政策上得到体现,关于许多专家多次提到的“将矿业划归第一产业”的问题,虽然矿业与一般工业有很大不同,但与农业也并非完全相同,结合我国国情,将其等同于农业划分为第一产业还难以实现;第三,对于矿业的扶持性政策,应首先体现在矿业税费的改革上,主要是改革资源税、资源补偿费、采矿权使用费制度,降低在矿业税费中占据大头的增值税,从而总体上降低综合税率,减轻矿业负担。总之,矿业是一个源头产业,在新的经济发展时期,重新、正确认识矿业的性质和地位是至关重要的。“问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来”,在新世纪初期,搞活这个源头,赋予矿业以新的生命力,对于我国社会经济发展具有重大的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mining Industry is the foundation of the social economy. More than 2,000 yearsago, mining appeared in our country. During the history of feudalistic society,developed with the production of agricultural industry, the production of miningindustry had been thriving by leaps and bounds day by day. As one of the earliestformed large-scale producing industries playing a decisive role in the development ofancient China’s social economy, its production and technique levels had been the leadin the world once over a long period. As constructing the socialism economy, mineralresources, which occupy a vital position in national economy, have become thematerial base of the national economic developing and security guarantee. In a word,the industrialization of our country is based on the sustain development of the scaleand depth of mineral exploiting.At present, China has become the world second largest mining industry countryin which mining industry’s gross output value nearly reaches 500 billion RMB andresources raw material industry’s output value exceeds 2,000 billion RMB. Themining industry supports not only more than 70%, also the functioning of its relevantdepartments, shaping up an independent supply system of resources and raw materialsmining products.However, mining industry lost its independence;its basic industry positionremained scarcely theoretical but was not reflected in state managerial system andpolicies. The reasons are that for the effect of the long-range planned economy andthe primary industrialization, government joined and organized large-scale socializedproduction which gave emphasize merely to terminal manufacturing products;meanwhile, mineral prospecting and operating industry, the main part of miningindustry, were split to respective industry departments. In the course of construction,its tax has been levied so much that a series of problems reflected through “the FourProblems” (mining industry, mining area, mine and miners) are now facing ourmining industry.Under the background of economy transformation nowadays, industrializationentered a new period, its developing mode varied from the type depend on a massiveresources input to the intensive growth type that depends on the policy improvementand the technique progress. In consideration of the circular economy, mining industryalso need to be "feed parents" which depend on a series of modification onmanagement system and the industry policy, at first, we should define the miningindustry definitely, make its independent, foundational industrial position in thestrategy of the national economy , and adjust a high tax and fee.This paper set out from the angle of investigation on the industry position,through the analyze of the history and present condition of the mining industry,consider the basic reason of its predicament, combining relating theory such as theindustry classification and industry position evaluation, using the methods ofsubstantial research and the theorical research, the macroscopic analyze and themicroscopic analyze , the comparable analyze the and statistical analyze, research onthe problem of industrial orientation. I think: at first, we should give mining industrythe independent position in the classification of the national economy, define miningindustry with the geological check industry and mine digging industry;second, the"feed parents" to mining industry for the foundation industry position should beperform on the policy, although the mining industry is very different from generalindustry, it isn’t completely the same with agriculture, classification in the firstindustry isn’t realistic at present;third, adjust the mineral tax rate to support itsdevelopment.After all, for mining industry is the cornerstone of other industries, during thenew period of development of economy, ascertaining the concept of its character andposition will be considerably essential;for it is the cornerstone of other industries, atthe early stage of the new century, prospering and developing it will be significant tothe development of our economy.更多还原