【作者】 高飞；

【导师】 姜曼松；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 流体力学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 多分力传感器在航空航天、船舶、汽车、机械等领域有着重要的应用,如火箭、导弹在发射的时候要进行发射架的六分力测量,风洞、水槽中飞机和船舶各种流体力学问题的试验研究中,六分力传感器是主要的测试设备,机器人需要多种形式的多分力传感器,汽车轮胎动力学需要六个分力的测量,机床各种切削力的测量,农业机械如犁铧力的测量,体育运动上的许多测量问题如跳高跳远体操运动员的起跳分力、帆船帆板各种水上运动的测量等等都需要我们对六分力传感器的性能进行研究和改进。 本文首先研究了多分力传感器国内外研究发展的历史和现状,指出了这类传感器的应用领域和研究的重要意义。接下来简述了研究的方法,将这样的数值研究划归为虚拟样机的范畴。本文审视了散见于期刊上的这类传感器的传统理论,独立推导了力矩分布和变形的公式,从而可以和后面的数值计算结果相互映证。本文的主要工作是建立多个有限元计算模型和使用ANSYS软件对这些模型进行计算,本文分析了六分力传感器的特点,采用了混合网格划分方法,使得计算达到所需的目的。本文在有限元计算的数据中取出贴应变本片区域的数据,计算平均应力和应变,应用电桥测量原理计算出传感器的输出大小,本文采用对模型六次加载的方法,得到反映六分力传感器各力之间相互耦合的系数矩阵,还计算了贴片位置误差对测量精度的影响,最后对计算的结果进行了分析,得到了有益的结论。 研究工作主要是基于ANSYS环境下设计一个六分力传感器的虚拟模型,在此模型的不同部位施加不同大小、不同方向的力,利用ANSYS可以直接对设计好的弹性体模型进行网格划分,网格划分是根据贴片区以及应力集中部位较密,其余部位较疏的原则进行的。计算得出传感器的应力分布,以彩色图像的形式显示模型的受力情况。这样得到一个六分力传感器的虚拟样机。本文计算两种不同结构形式和五种不同比尺的模型 对六分力传感器进行这样全面系统的研究,将结构建模计算和应变片组成桥路输出计算联系在一起来分析多分力传感器的性能,在国内尚属首次。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduced and analyzed the theory and experiment of the multi-force sensor. On this groundwork, a six-force model has been designed and its experiment datum has been analyzed. The main work of this paper is to reduce the influences among every force, which is involved in the optimized design of sensor. Being focused by many scientists, Optimized design of six-force sensor structure and its performance are important questions.In this paper, the strain sensitivity, indexes of rigidity property and optimized of sensor has been studied. Also, finite-element method has been used to optimize the place of strain on the sensor.Firstly, a virtual model of six-force sensor has been design by ANSYS software, In this software, the grid of designed elastomer model can be constructed by Finite Element Method, whose principle is that grids are dense on where stress concentrate and grids are sparseness on elsewhere. Then, different direction forces have been added on different places of the model and the value of very force, strain sensitivity and rigidity will be calculated and displayed by colorful picture. The peak can be gotten. Because the point where max stress takes place incline to outside, we try to stick strain gauges on outside of the peak point. By this way, a virtual sample of six-force sensor can be built. Through repeated experiments, the structure and dimension of the six-force elastomer model haven been modified and adjusted. Through repeated changing the place where strain gauges stick on, the six-force sensor has been optimized. Also, the influences on interference coefficient by thickness of spring contact, thickness ratio, structure form have been analyzed. Output coefficient of six forces and thirty interference coefficients have been showed in table form. At last, every indexes of this six-force sensor have been increased through interactive matching.The paper originally confirmed the material of six-force sensor and modeling. The strain, which is small and can be measured by resistance of strain gauges, will take place under different force. At the same time, because the strain gauges being stick on different place will result in different error, the place selection is veryimportant. The conclusion that peak point of stress moved outside can by gotten by ANSYS. So, it is most suitable to sticking strain gauges on outside of the peak point of stress.What is more, the six-force has roundly analyzed and optimized the multi-force design by connecting structure building calculation and strain gauges bridging calculation. This core of research is original, in China.更多还原