【作者】 马晶晶；

【导师】 傅正义；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 灵芝是真菌类植物,在植物分类上属于非褶菌目灵芝菌科灵芝属。灵芝孢子是灵芝成熟时所释放的孢子,是灵芝有性生殖细胞,又称担孢子。它不但具有灵芝的全部遗传活性物质,其药效更强更全面,据统计,约为灵芝子实体的75倍。灵芝孢子具有坚硬的双层壁结构,其成分几丁质含量为52.08～57.64%,无机元素构成以Si(19.01%)、Ca(24.31%)为主,硅和钙掺入几丁质使得孢壁更加结实坚硬,且耐酸碱,极难氧化分解,因此限制了人们对孢内有效物质的消化吸收。为了充分利用灵芝孢子内的有效物质,必须对孢子粉进行破壁。 本文通过高速剪切超细粉碎(High Speed Centrifugal Shearing)设备,系统研究了灵芝孢子粉粉碎破壁的工艺过程、特点及影响破壁率的诸多因素。并应用扫描电镜、红外光谱等物理测试技术对破壁前后的灵芝孢子粉进行了表征。实验结果表明,影响破壁率的主要因素有粉碎时间和主轴转速,随着粉碎时间的延长和主轴转速的增大,破壁率增大。当粉碎时间为60min,主轴转速为1600r/min时,破壁率达到100%。扫描电镜结果表明,灵芝孢子经过高速剪切粉碎破壁后,灵芝孢壁被打碎,孢子内含物质呈团状溶出。 为了探讨灵芝孢子粉碎破壁对其有效成分提取率的影响,本实验采用紫外分光光度法对破壁前后的孢子粉的有效成分水溶性多糖的提取率进行了测定比较。实验结果表明,经过高速剪切粉碎破壁后,水溶性多糖的提取率提高了40.08%。 灵芝孢子粉破壁后,有效成分与外界接触,容易氧化变质,为提高其稳定性,以破壁后灵芝孢子粉为芯材,明胶为囊材,采用喷雾干燥法制备了灵芝孢子粉明胶胶囊。研究了进口温度、囊材含量对成囊效果的影响。实验结果表明,当进口温度为90℃,孢子粉和明胶含量为1:2时,孢子粉较好的包覆在明胶中。 灵芝孢子粉具有免疫增强的作用。根据保健食品功能学检验方法,本实验选取迟发性变态反应和碳廓清实验,比较研究了灵芝孢子粉破壁前后对小鼠免疫功能的影响。实验结果表明,高剂量的破壁灵芝孢子粉具有明显的免疫增强功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ganoderma lucidum is a species of basidiomycetes that belongs to Ganodermataceae of Aphyllophorales. Ganoderma lucidum spores are released by Ganoderma lucidum when it is mature. Studies on the the spores of Ganoderma lucidum have demonstrated that the spores not only inherit all those active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum , but also have a stronger effect than Ganoderma lucidum. According to statistics, it is about 75 times more than Ganoderma lucidum. However, these effects are closely related to the status of the sporoderm. It has two hard sporoderms, and the sporoderm becomes very hard because of the ingredients of Si(19.01%) and Ca(19.01%) mixed into chitin( the content of chitin is 52.08~ 57.64%). The sporoderm can resist acid and alkali, and it is difficult to be oxidated decomposed. Thus, it restricts absorptivity of the effective ingredients of spores. In order to make full use of the effective ingredients in the spores, it is necessary to break the sporoderm.Using the High Speed Centrifugal Shearing(HSCS) pulverizer, the Ganoderma lucidum spores were ultrafine ground. Several factors such as processing, properties, which affecting the sporoderm-broken ratio were systematically studied. The characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum spores were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). The main factors that influenced the sporoderm-broken ratio were rotating speed and grinding time. The experiment results showed that the sporoderm-broken ratio improved with the increasing of rotating speed and prolonging of the grinding time. The sporoderm-broken ratio reached 100% when rotating speed was 1600 r/min and grinding time was 60min. The SEM results demonstrated that the sporoderm was ground and the inclusion of the spores eluted in groups.In order to study the effects of sporoderm-broken ratio, the Ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer was employed to measure and compare the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide between the raw and broken spores. The resultsshowed that the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide was greatly increased by 40.8% after grounding.The Ganoderma lucidum spores were ground, and the inclusion was contacted with the surroundings and easy oxidative deteriorated. To enhance the stability of Ganoderma lucidum spores, the glutin macrocapsules were prepared with spray drying method. The inlet temperature and the content of capsule wall were studied. The results showed the spores powder was finely coated under conditions of inlet temperature 90 °C, glutin content to spores powder 1:2.The Ganoderma lucidum spores can enhance immunity. According to functional testing method of health foods , the Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test and Carbon clearance test were chosen to compare the immunity of mice before and after sporoderm-broken. The results indicated that the 1000 mg/kg sporoderm-broken spores could significantly increase immunity of mice.更多还原