【作者】 杨剑；

【导师】 熊传溪；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 两种聚合物共混是改善聚合物的综合性能得到具有特殊用途的新材料的最有效的方法,比合成一种新型聚合物更容易、更简单。本文在参考国内外大量关于氟橡胶改性研究的文献的基础上,提出采用聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体来制备FKM/TPU共混物以期改善FKM的低温性能、弹性、加工性能及成本高昂等缺陷。通过力学性能、DMA、FTIR等测试方法来研究共混物的结构与性能。研究结果表明FKM/TPU共混是可以改善FKM的低温性能、弹性、加工性能及成本高昂等缺陷。 FKM/TPU在密炼机中共混的最佳的加工条件是:T(温度)=160℃、t(时间)=10min、V(转速)=40rpm,为了给予共混物优良的物理性能在后处理上采用:二段硫化为180℃×8h及在室温下自然冷却共混物。 TPU与FKM的简单共混可以改善FKM的低温性能、弹性与加工性能,同时还能降低成本。在FKM/TPU共混比为70/30时,共混物的玻璃化转变温度比纯FKM的下降了近12℃,同时此时共混物综合物理性能也最优。但是简单共混无法很好的改善FKM与TPU两相的相容性。 由FTIR可以发现,在FKM熔融接枝物上有两个酸酐基团的特征峰,因此表明FKM-g-MAH接枝聚合物的生成。在DCP含量为0.4wt%,MAH含量为10wt%,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为15min,转子转速为50rpm时接枝物的接枝率最高,达到2.9%。 FKM-g-MAH与TPU直接共混,可以改善FKM与TPU两相的相容性,因此FKM-g-MAH可以作为FKM与TPU两相共混的增容剂。 当增容剂FKM-g-MAH含量为15wt%时,FKM/TPU共混物的力学性能最佳。通过DMA分析可以得出,在添加了增容剂后,共混物中两相的相容性得到很好的改善。同时观察DMA图谱的峰形可以看到共混物的弹性也得到提高,因此改善了FKM的加工性能。通过对比可以发现,添加由增容剂FKM-g-MAH的FKM/TPU的共混物综合性能优于简单共混的共混物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two kinds of polymers blends are the most effective method that improves the polymer the overall performance to obtain the new material;it is easier than to synthesizes one kind of new polymer. Enlightened by the mass domestic and international about in the fluororubber modification of literature, this thesis uses the polyether thermosplastic polyurethane elastomer to prepare FKM/TPU blends that hope to improve FKM by the low temperature performance, the elasticity, the workability and the expensive cost. The structures and the properties of FKM/TPU blends were studied by mechanics performance, DMA, FTIR and so on. The findings indicate FKM/TPU blends that can improve FKM the low temperature performance, the elasticity, the workability.The best processing condition of FKM/TPU blends is T (temperature) = 160 ℃, t (time) = 10min, V (rotational speed) = 40rpm, in order to obtain the better physics properties of blends: two-vulcanize-condition is 180 ℃ × 8h and the slowly cooling the blends under the room temperature.TPU and FKM simple blend can improve FKM the low temperature performance, the elasticity and the workability, meanwhile can reduce the cost of FKM. When mixed proportion of FKM/TPU is 70/30, the glass temperature of blends compares pure FKM to drop nearly 12 ℃, at the same time the physics properties of this blends also is the most superior. But simple blend can’t commendably improve FKM and TPU compatibility of two phases.Through the melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto fluororubber (FKM), we can prepare the grafting FKM (FKM-g-MAH) to improve FKM and TPU compatibility of two phases. The characteristic groups of maleic anhydride in the grafted products were measured by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), therefore showed that maleic anhydride had grafted onto fluoroelastomer. When the DCP content is 0.4wt %, the MAH content is 10wt %, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃, the reaction time is 15min, the rotational speed is 50rpm ,the FKM-g-MAH grafting rate is highest, achieves 2.9%.FKM-g-MAH and TPU mix that it can improve FKM and TPU compatibility of two phases. So it can do the compatibilizer of FKM and TPU. When the FKM-g-MAH content is 15wt %, FKM/ TPU blends mechanics properties is the best. Through the DMA analysis, FKM-g-MAH can commendably improve the compatibility of two phases. At one time, the FKM-g-MAH goes into FKM/TPU blends that also improve the elasticity, the workability and so on. And it can increase the TPU content of the blends, consequently reduces the FKM cost.更多还原