【作者】 郑鲜；

【导师】 王成彪； 韦淡平；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地质工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,润滑油添加剂广泛应用于实际生产中以减少摩擦和磨损,提高机械效率,延长机械寿命。但是添加剂很少被用于改善接触元件的疲劳问题。疲劳是一种外表的现象,冲击和交变应力会引起金属材料的疲劳,继而发生点蚀,虽然前人曾对润滑油和添加剂加速疲劳的倾向做过研究,但对润滑油添加剂对接触疲劳寿命影响研究较少而且结论不一。本文将某些油性剂和抗磨剂用作油和水的抗疲劳添加剂,利用固定速度的球-棒滚动接触疲劳试验机和变速滑动球-盘试验机评价其抗疲劳有效性,初步结果指出二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和二烷基二硫代磷酸氧钼(MoDTP)以及醇胺脂肪酸盐(ESFA)对提高油和水的抗疲劳性能有利。前两种添加剂能明显提高白油的疲劳寿命,而后一种添加剂是水包油乳化液的有效的抗疲劳添加剂,含有ESFA、硫代酯和三甲酚磷酸酯(TCP)的复合添加剂EMC-214的抗疲劳有效性不如ESFA,但在所研究的浓度范围内疲劳寿命随浓度增加而增加。其他添加剂包括合成酯二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(NaDTC)、三甲酚磷酸酯(TCP)、二烷基二硫代磷酸复酯胺基(T307)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯(T323)等对油或水的疲劳寿命有不利的影响或影响很小。表面处理技术可用来改善机器元件的摩擦、磨损和抗疲劳性能。对球-盘滑动试验后的渗硫表面磨痕进行扫描电镜分析,观察到疲劳剥层现象,疲劳磨损是其主要磨损机理。采用试件表面渗硫和在油中添加含磷添加剂两种方法对减少摩擦和磨损有增效作用,比单用一种方法的效果好,MoDTP的减摩和抗磨作用最为有效。防锈剂和减摩剂的组合能有效地提高接触疲劳寿命可能与添加剂阻止水的腐蚀作用和防止疲劳裂纹的生长的双重作用有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today many different types of load carrying additives are used in lubricantformulations for friction and wear reducing, higher machine efficiency and prolongedlife. However, very few additives can be used to tackle fatigue problem as the usefullife of rolling elements is limited by contact fatigue and there is no sample solution.Fatigue is a surface phenomenon. Pulsating and alternating stresses will lead to afatigue of metal material fallowed by pitting. Although a limited work has beencarried out to assess the proneness of lubricants and additives to cause acceleratedrolling contact fatigue failure and the reports on the effect of most load-carryingadditives are often contradictory.In this study certain oiliness and antiwear agents used as antifatigue additivesboth in an oil and in water have been tested on a fixed speed rolling ball-on-rodmachine and a varied speed sliding ball-on-desk machine for their antifatigueeffectiveness. The preliminary results in rolling fatigue tests indicated that ZDDP andMoDTP as well as ethanolamine salts of fatty acids(ESFA) have beneficial effect onantifatigue performance of lubricating oil and water. The former has been found to beable to increase fatigue life of white oil significantly and the later is the most effectiveantifatigue agent in case of water-in-oil emulsion. Additive complex EMC-214containing ESFA, thioester and tricresyl phosphate(TCP) are less effective ascompared with ESFA and there is a continuous trend towards longer life withincreasing additive concentration over the range studied. Other additives studied ,including synthesized organic esters, NaDTC, sorbitan oleate(Span-80), TCP, aminesalt of dialkyldithiophosphate(T307), condensed compound of dialkyl dithiophosphate,formaldehyde and amine (T305), and dialkyl dithiocarbamate(T323) have adetrimental effect or little influence on the rolling fatigue life of what oil or water.Surface treatment technology allows improved functioning of machinecomponents with respects to friction, wear and fatigue resistance. Observation ofscanning electron micrographs of the worn ball surfaces obtained in a step loadingfriction test carried out on the sliding ball-on-desk machine reveals that the wearmechanisms in the ball-on-desk test are dominated by a contact fatigue denudation.Combination of two treatments i.e sulphidization of test specimens and application ofphosphorus additives in base oil are found to exhibit synergistic effects compared tothe performance of individual one. During the test the friction of MoDTP decreasesrapidly until it reaches a minimum value and is the most effective friction and wearreducing agent. The significant extension of fatigue life by using these antirust andfriction-reducing agents probably can be related to the combined effect on inhibitionof water corrosion and crack growth of fatigue in steel.更多还原