【作者】 陈力；

【导师】 郭继懋；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究汉语中N1被N2VP和N1让N2VP两种格式表达被动意义时的句法语义对立及其成因。一般认为,汉语表达被动关系的“被”和“让”基本功能相同,可以互换;但是我们发现大量语言事实并不支持这个结论。文章第一部分在回顾并检讨了以往被动句研究的两个焦点问题及相关争论中所折射出的不同语言观之后,首先从语料的归类和统计入手,发现并分类描写了影响 N1被/让 N2VP 格式中“被”和“让”使用的句法语义因素,包括五个方面:N1、N2的生命度义级和排列顺序;VP 的语义类型;VP 前后的时间、情态、时体等成分;结构入句后所实现的句法功能;结构所处的不同句式和句类。此后的第二部分在整合评价前人对“被”和“让”历时研究的基础上,对“被”和“让”的语法化历程分别做了新的构拟,指出:“被”和“让”在语法化为被动标记的过程中,均发生过语法结构的重新分析。同时,这种重新分析与汉语史上时体范畴的产生密切相关;所不同的是,“被”的语法化只改变了被字结构的句法层次,“被”字表达的核心语义基本未变;让字结构发生重新分析的动因有三,其中句子表达的事件已然还是未然是决定“让”字句凸显被动义还是凸显使役义的关键因素。最后,文章以跨语言研究中具有普遍意义的有界无界现象和及物性理论为背景,结合二者的历时发展,对第一部分所描写的各种形式对立做了概括的和统一的解释,并进一步得出结论:“让”与高及物性相对应;“被”与低及物性相对应。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper compares and contrasts the usage of Bei(被)and Rang(让), two functionwords in Mandarin Chinese, when used in passive-construction. One of the problems withprevious studies is that Bei and Rang are treated implicitly or explicitly as two variationsof equal status in such context. This paper, based on a medium-sized corpus, shows that inmany cases they are not interchangeable without affecting the meaning or stylisticcoloring of the sentences in which they appear. It begins with an examination of thesyntactic and semantic contrasts of Bei and Rang from the perspective of synchronicdistribution, followed by a dynamical comparison based mainly on quantitative analysis aswell as a specific description from five dimensions. In the second part, after presenting ahistorical overview and a critical review of the previous studies, the paper proposes a freshpostulation on the process of the emergence and development of Bei and Rang as passivemarkers respectively, showing that the cause and mechanism of their grammarticalizationdiffer from each other mainly in three perspectives. Finally, all the above-mentioneddifferences, synchronic or historical, are revealed and explained from the functional andtypological point of view. Taking the transitivity theory and bound theory as the mainaffective factors, it reaches the conclusion that while though Bei and Rang have similarfundamental functions when used as passive markers in contemporary Chinese, they existcomplementarily with interrelated semantic origins as well as mutually independentsyntactic property and semantic interpretations.更多还原