【作者】 杨培法；

【导师】 王俊；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化学工艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在油田回注污水中,能引起设备腐蚀和地层堵塞的细菌有硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌、铁细菌等。到目前为止,用于控制污水细菌的主要方法仍然是投加杀菌剂,但是目前油田广泛使用的“1227”(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵)杀菌剂由于使用时间过长,许多油井的三种细菌对“1227”产生了抗药性,导致使用成本升高。因此开发一种能与之交替使用的新型高效杀菌剂,降低水处理成本,是十分必要的。本文合成了三种双季铵盐表面活性剂,通过熔程测定和元素分析考查了产品的纯度,并采用红外光谱对产品结构进行表征,结果表明产品的实际结构与理论结构相符。测定了双季铵盐产品的活性物含量,结果表明合成的双季铵盐具有较高的纯度,Gemini (C12N)2O、(C12N)2φ的活性物含量相对较高,分别是 99.52%、99.73%。应用滴体积法测定了 25℃双季铵盐水溶液的表面张力,得其临界胶团浓度(CMC)和相应的表面张力(γCMC),并计算出其降低表面张力的效率参数(C20),结果发现双子表面活性剂的γCMC与相应的传统表面活性剂基本相当,而 CMC、C20却低 1-3 个数量级。根据吉布斯吸附理论,计算了双季铵盐表面活性剂的表面过剩吸附量(Γmax )和单分子吸附面积(Amin),并和传统单季铵盐表面活性剂进行了比较,Gemini 产品具有较小的Γmax 和较大的Amin。应用电导仪测定 Gemini 产品水溶液的电导率(κ),得到产品临界胶团浓度,并与滴体积法测定的临界胶团浓度进行了比较,结果发现用电导率法测定的双季铵盐的 CMC 与应用滴体积法测定比较接近。根据绝迹稀释法考察了合成的双季铵盐产品对硫酸盐还原菌、腐生菌和铁细菌的杀菌效果,并与传统杀菌剂 1227 进行了比较,双季铵盐产品杀菌率超过 97%,符合企业用杀菌剂标准。联接基带有苯环和醚键的双季铵盐灭菌能力均优于联接基为亚甲基的双季铵盐和传统的单季铵盐杀菌剂 1227。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the refilling wastewater of oilfield, sulfate reduction bacteria, saprophyte bacteria andiron bacteria cause the stratum plugged and facilities corrosion. So far, the main method ofcontrolling the bacteria in wastewater still is adding bactericide. And 1227 is mainly used inoilfield. However, with time going, the bacteria have drug resistance gradually, which enhancedthe using expense. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a series of novel bactericide with greatefficiency and low cost to trade off with 1227.In this paper, three series of diquarternary ammonium salt have been synthesized and thepurity of the productions has been examined through Melting point and Element analysis. ThenThe structure of the productions were testified by IR spectra. As a result, it was found that theactual structure was identical with the theoretic. By detecting the active substance in theproductions, we observe that the content is quiet high, especially Gemini (C12N)2O and (C12N)2φ, the purity of which are 99.52% and 99.73%repectively.First, we detected the surface tension of Gemini surfactants at 25℃ and got the criticalmicelle concentration (CMC) values, the surface tension at their CMC(γCMC) and theefficiency of decreasing the surface tension (C20). Then it was noticed that the γCMC ofGemini surfactants agreed with the corresponding common surfactants. Whereas, the CMC andC20 are lower 1-3 order of magnitude. According to the Gibbs theory, A conclusion can bedrawn that the excess absorption amount (Γmax)of Gemini surfactants is less than commonsurfactants and the area of molecule (Amin)is larger however. Finally we measured theconductance behavior of water solution to Gemini surfactants so as to get CMC again. The resultapproached primary conclusion.The sterilization effects of Gemini surfactants and 1227 to sulfate reduction bacteria,saprophyte bacteria and iron bacteria have been evaluated. The results showed that sterilizationrates exceeded 97%. Gemini (C12N)2O and (C12N)2φ are better than gemini 12-3-12 and 1227.更多还原