无线传感器网络微型嵌入式操作系统的研究与应用

【作者】 李晶；

【导师】 王福豹；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 微机电系统(MEMS,Micro-Electro-Mechanism System)、片上系统(SOC,System on Chip)和无线通信技术的进步孕育了无线传感器网络(WSN,Wireless Sensor Network)。它能够实时监测、感知、采集和处理各种监测对象的信息,具有十分广阔的应用前景,是当前国际上备受关注的、多学科高度交叉的新兴前沿研究热点之一。无线传感器网络节点的硬件能力是非常有限的,节点上的嵌入式操作系统必须满足在有限的物理空间内实现对硬件的高效管理,因此适用于无线传感器网络节点的微型嵌入式操作系统就成为关注的热点。 本文以无线网络传感器设计要求为依据,在软件设计方面进行深入的研究。对现有的嵌入式操作系统进行分类总结,跟踪了国内外该领域的研究进展,重点研究无线传感器网络中经典的嵌入式操作系统TinyOS,包括组件模型、通信模型、能量管理机制、事件驱动机制、调度策略以及编程语言;并且与应用广泛的实时嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ进行了分析对比。同时为了增强TinyOS的适用性,指出了TinyOS在调度策略与能量管理机制的改进方向。 无线传感器网络设计的趋势是针对特定的应用而并不是普遍的应用。不同的应用所需要的硬件平台是不相同的。随着无线传感器网络的广泛应用,节点构成的变化是巨大的。因此无线传感器网络节点上的嵌入式操作系统必须具备好的移植性。在深入研究基于组件架构的TinyOS的基础上,设计了将TinyOS应用到其它微控制器的移植方案,提出了硬件描述层组件的设计基本原则。在对TinyOS的编程语言nesC研究后,实现了TinyOS在MSP430F149芯片上的移植,并且设计了一种新的电源管理方式。在对现有工作进行总结的基础上对下一步的发展提出自己的想法和建议,最后展望了无线传感器网络的广泛应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sensor network, which is made by the convergence of sensor, micro-electro-mechanism system and networks technologies, is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. It has become one of the front fields to research. The capability of the hardware is so limited that the embedded operating system has to realize efficient management of the hardware in a limited space. As a result, choosing appropriate operating system for the nodes of wireless sensor networks is very important.According to the design requirement of wireless sensor networks, this paper has a deep research in the area of the software design. Summarizing the existing embedded operating systems by classification, tracking the progress at domestic and foreign, concentrating on the typical embedded operating system TinyOS study, including the models of component and communication, the mechanics of power management, event driven mechanics, schedule strategy and the programming language, and compare it with another popular embedded real-time operating system μC/OS-Ⅱ. At the same time, in order to improve the availability of TinyOS, the improvement direction of the dispatch strategy and the mechanics of power management of TinyOS are pointed out.Networked sensor devices will tend to be application specific, rather than general purpose, and carry only the available hardware support actually needed for the application. As there is a wide range of potential applications, the variation in physical devices is likely to be large. So good porting is a key element for the operating system of the nodes of wireless sensor networks. Based on the profound research of TinyOS, the porting schema and the design principle of the layer of hardware description are put forward. Moreover, after studying the programming language nesC, TinyOS is ported to MSP430F149 chip and a new way power management is designed. Finally, this paper gives some conclusions and foresight.更多还原