【作者】 毛艳梅；

【导师】 董俊虹；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种古老的英语修辞格,pun通常被定义为通过运用一词多义或同音异义手段来使一段语料同时表达多种含义。作为一种典型的综合性修辞格,pun集众多学科因素于一身,如语义学、美学、社会学、心理学、逻辑学和符号学。作为一种为了取得特殊效果的传统修辞手段,pun一直是语言研究者的研究对象。这些学者通常从语义学的角度来研究归纳pun。 本研究则致力于从多个角度以演绎方法为主研究pun。所谓多角度指的是分别从符号学、历史语言学、语用学、第二语言习得和外语学习等应用语言学角度来同时研究pun。所谓以演绎法为主指的是在论证过程中将同时运用归纳法和演绎法,但从一定意义上说处于主导地位的是演绎法。本研究是一种定性研究。 在围绕五个假设的基础上,论文主要通过提出假设——验证假设——下结论的模式和大量例证来展开。这五个假设分别关系到研究对象pun的本质、范围、形成、理解和它在以英语为母语、第二语言或外语学习中的有用性。论文最终得出了如下结论: 1) 作为一种通常用来同时表达两种含义的修辞格,pun是语用歧义在英语修辞格中的应用。在使用中,它可产生出一种语用歧义的特殊效果。 2) Pun存在于英语的各个级别,即语素、词、短语、句子、句群、段落和语篇。 3) 在英语中,pun的形成主要是由于人类语言的本质特征、英语的混合性特点、在语言使用中人们所通常遵守的修辞原则和个人在语言使用中的喜好。 4) 根据关联理论,认知环境在pun的理解中发挥着非常重要的作用。人们对pun的理解通常包括推理pun的深层含义和表层含义。人们消耗在推理深层含义上的精力要远远大于推理表层含义上的。 5) 在以英语为母语、第二语言或外语的学习中,pun也可发挥积极作用。Pun可作为一种有用的工具来促使语言学习者掌握英语中大量存在的同音异义词、谐音词、多义词,特别是成语和谚语。 论文的结尾还鼓励学者们从多个角度研究其他英语修辞格,从而使英语修辞格研究不断地向多学科研究方向转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pun is an old English rhetorical device in English language, commonly defined as humorous uses of a word with many senses or words alike in sound. As a typical comprehensive rhetorical device, pun itself embodies elements of many disciplines such as semantics, aesthetics, sociology, psychology, logics and semiotics. As a traditional approach to produce special effect in human communication, pun has attracted the attention of researchers all the time. Yet they usually study pun in terms of semantics with the method of induction.This paper concerns with a multi-dimensional deductive study of pun. By multi-dimensional study it means the study is mainly carried out in terms of semiotics, diachronic linguistics, pragmatics, second language acquisition and foreign language learning. By a deductive study it means in a sense the deductive method rather than the inductive method plays a more important role in the research although both of them are used here. Moreover, the study here is qualitative.Five hypotheses are proposed and tested in the paper, respectively on the nature, range, formation, comprehension, function and application of pun. Abundant examples of pun, either in the form of spoken English or of written English, are employed in the paper, serving to test those hypotheses and reach conclusions finally.It is concluded in the paper as the following:1) As a double-meaning ended rhetorical device in most cases, pun produces a special effect of pragmatic ambiguity rather than semantic ambiguity.2) Pun exists in all the linguistic levels of English language and can be classified into morpheme pun, word pun, phrase pun, sentence pun, sentence group pun, paragraph pun and discourse pun in terms of its hinge.3) The formation of pun in English language is mainly responsible for the design features of language, the mixing characteristic of English language, the relevant pragmatic rhetoric principles in language use and the preference of individuals in using English.4) In terms of Relevance Theory, pun receivers usually employ their cognitiveenvironment to comprehend pun. And their comprehension of pun usually includes the inference of explicit meaning of punning language and then the implicit meaning of punning language. The effort spent on the inference of implicit meaning of pun is usually greater than that on the explicit meaning. 5) Pun may serve as a useful tool to help English as LI & L2 learners and English as foreign language learners to master homophones, homographs, and idioms in English language due to the functions and special compositions of pun.. Last but not lest, a multi-dimensional research on other English figures of speechis encouraged so as to promote the development of modem rhetoric and make figuresof speech a subject of multiple disciplines.更多还原