【作者】 王福龙；

【导师】 魏宏斌；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 市政工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 滴水湖以大治河为补充水水源。由于水源水质（劣V类）的约束,目前滴水湖大部分水质参数处于贫营养—中营养水平,并且总体水质有向富营养化发展的趋势。因而,如何确保滴水湖水质符合景观水的要求,防止或应对水华发生,确保这颗水上明珠永放光芒,是上海市及港城领导关心的一件大事,也是摆在水处理工作人员面前的一项重要课题。 根据国内外的工程经验,提高补充水水质并加强湖水水力调活、减小湖水置换周期是控制藻类生长,提高湖水质量的有效途径。因此尽快建立一套补充水处理系统,确保滴水湖补充水及滴水湖的水质,并使其长期满足滴水湖功能要求已显得尤为迫切。 本课题的目标,是针对滴水湖景观水处理的目的,以连接大治河和滴水湖的D港水为源水,在现场选用“生物接触氧化+气浮”和“生物滤池+沉淀”等几套处理工艺进行实验,同时,对关键参数进行调整,模拟多种工况,通过测定源水中的浊度、氨氮、COD_Mn、藻类、叶绿素a、总氮、总磷、铁、锰等来进行对比研究,从而提出合适的滴水湖补充水处理工艺,能运用到工程实际中。本课题对保护水环境特别是保护滴水湖水质、研究探讨一条实用、高效的滴水湖补充水处理技术、对国内人工湖水体保护技术的发展和今后国内类似案例的人工湖水体水质保护工程具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。同时,本课题对水质净化厂微污染源水预处理技术的发展和工程设计亦具有重要的参考价值。通过本课题的研究,取得了以下主要结论: （1） 总的来说,生物接触氧化池处理效果好于生物滤池;气浮池的处理效果优于沉淀池,且其抗冲击负荷的能力也强;除了总氮和COD_Mn以外,“生物接触氧化+气浮”和“生物滤池+沉淀”出水污染物浓度都能达到Ⅱ类水标准;但相对而言,“生物接触氧化池+气浮”出水的各个污染物浓度均小于“生物滤池+沉淀”出水的各个污染物浓度（特别是对藻类、叶绿素a和浊度）,出水浊度值小,能控制在6NTU左右,满足滴水湖作为景观用水的要求。 （2） “生物接触氧化+气浮”对污染物去除效果明显好于“生物滤池+沉淀”。生化部分主要去除对象为氨氮、COD_Mn,物化处理对氨氮和COD_Mn也有去除效果,但主要的去除对象为藻类、浊度、总磷、铁和锰。 （3） 建议实际预处理工艺宜采用流程:生物接触氧化池+气浮池。更多还原

【Abstract】 Owing to the terrible raw water quality, the water of Dishui Lake supplied by Dazhihe Lake had been on the status of Low-Middle eutrophication level, and the eutrophication tendency becoming more and more terrible. In order to polish this aquatic- pearl of Dishui Lake, measures of water quality control for meet the demand of sight-seeing function. How to prevent the terrible eutrophication tendency puzzled environmental experts, at the same time, this severe condition attract sufficient attention of the local governor and government. Comprehensive investigation and numerous practical project experience shows that improving supplied water quality, enhancing the fluid of the water body and shorten the cycle for water metathesis are the effective methods to control the bloom of algae and improve the water quality. So, the plan of a water treatment system for terrible quality water is vital to maintain the water quality and meet the need of Dishui Lake as a sight-seeing site.The raw water of this study came from the D-port connecting Dazhihe Lake to Dishui Lake. Two combined processes including biological filter + inclined-tube sedimentation combined process and biological contact oxidizing tank+ air flotation combined process were operated. Pivotal operate parameters were adjusted and every operation conditions were simulated. The water quality such as turbidity, NH₃-N, COD_Mn, algae, chl-a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Fe and manganese were measured and compared research were executed comprehensively. Finally, superior water treatment process and its optimal operate parameters were brought forward.This paper is of real significance in water protection for Dishui Lake, furthermore, significant experience accumulated is useful for similar projects home and overseas. This study provided credible reference data for the design and operation of drinking water plant with micro-polluted raw water and biological contact oxidizing tank process. The main results of the study were as follows:（1） In all, biological contact oxidizing tank is superior to biological filter and air flotation is superior to inclined-tube sedimentation not only in pollutants removal efficiency but also in the ability of resist the impactive pollutant load. ExceptTN and CODMn, effluent from biological contact oxidizing tank+ air flotation can achieve standards for II -class criteria of surface water. The pollutants value of the effluent from biological contact oxidizing+ air flotation were lower than that of biological filter + inclined-tube sedimentation especially in algae, chl-a and turbidity. The turbidity value could be reduced to 6NTU by contact oxidizing+ air flotation which met the demand of Dishui Lake as sightseeing site.（2） The main pollutants will be removed by the biological section in both combined processes were ammonia nitrogen, CODMn and algae. A little removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and CODMn been gained by physical-chemical section. The main pollutants removed by the physical-chemical section were algae, turbidity, total phosphorus and manganese.（3） Biological contact oxidizing tank+ air flotation is the prepositional combined processes will be applied.（4） There was a accordant influence arose by air-water ratio of biological contact oxidizing tank on CODmju turbidity, algae and chl-a removal, therefore, the air-water ratio should be optimized at 1.0. Air-water ratio didn’t take great effect to TP removal in biological contact oxidizing tank. The planned changing of air-water ratio in biological contact oxidizing tank didn’t bring expected regular changing to ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. It is because of the great fluctuation of low ammonia nitrogen concentration in raw water that air-water ratio is not the limiting factor to ammonia nitrogen removal.（5） Hydraulic retention time of biological contact oxidizing tank didn’t bring great influence to turbidity, algae, TP and CODMn removal but strongly affected on the ammonia nitrogen removal. The proper hydraulic retention time is 60min.（6） With the increase of hydraulic load in biological filter, the effluent values of CODMn, turbidity, algae, ammonia nitrogen, TP decrease accordingly. Compared to the CODMn removal efficiency, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was easier to be interfered by the changing hydraulic load. The proper hydraulic load of biological filter is 25m3/m2.d.（7） To obtain the equivalent pollutants removal efficiencies, the dosage meeting the need of air flotation was less than that of sedimentation tank. Take allfactors into consideration, 30mg/L of coagulant （ Al2（SC>4）3-14H2O）is appropriate for air flotation tank.（ 8 ） In all, with the increase of surface load of air flotation tank, the removal efficiencies of turbidity, CODmii, ammonia nitrogen, algae and TP decreased. Take all factors into consideration, 7.5m3/m2-h of surface load is proper.（ 9） With the increase of hydraulic load in sedimentation tank, the removal efficiencies of turbidity, CODmii, ammonia nitrogen, algae and TP decreased. According to all factors, coagulant of 30-40mg/L and hydraulic load under 1.5m3/m2h are proper.（10） During this testing, biological media filling rate in biological contact oxidizing tank increased from 30% to 50%, which arose greater influence in ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency than that of CODmd removal efficiency. Biological media filling rate upward of 45% is appropriate to biological contact oxidizing tank.（11） When this suspended biological media are applied in biological contact oxidizing tank for treating raw water, successful performance including startup process and pollutants removal been obtained. The biological media offer good mass transfer effect among air, water and microorganism, furthermore, successful startup process can be achieved under natural microorganism accumulation.更多还原