【作者】 熊结刚；

【导师】 晏雄；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 当今纺织领域,淀粉、PVA、丙烯酸类浆料是三大类主用浆料,各自对织造做出了应有的贡献。PVA浆料尽管性能不是十分完美,但是成膜强韧、浆料性能较好,是涤棉上浆的主用浆料之一。但是PVA浆料使用上有一个环境保护问题,它不易被分解,长期沉积会引起生态破坏。随着人类环境保护意识增强、发展经济可持续化情况下,PVA浆料在很多国家被禁止使用,国内已出现了少用、不用PVA浆料的观点。这三大类主用浆料格局正发生悄然的改变。淀粉类和丙烯酸类浆料呈现发展上升的趋势。目前的研究发展趋势是变性淀粉浆料和新型丙烯酸类浆料。本文主要研究后者,浆料具有粘附性能好、膜柔韧等优点,但吸湿、再粘、膜不强韧是以往这类浆料的缺点,使它们上浆时只能小比例应用。本文合成的新型丙烯酸类浆料着重解决这些问题,使之在浆纱性能上能与PVA相当,完全替代PVA作涤棉上浆主浆料使用。 为合成新型丙烯酸类浆料,本论文确定了在本试验条件下合成丙烯酸酯浆料的最佳工艺参数,包括加料方法,搅拌速度,反应温度及时间,乳化剂和引发剂的选择及用量。具体如下:加料方法为逐步加料;搅拌速度为200转/分,保温时转速为100转/分;反应温度为80℃,反应时间为1.5h,保温时间为2h:选用过硫酸铵为引发剂,用量为单体总量的0.3%-1%。选用SDS和OP—10为复合乳化剂,比例为SDS:OP—10=3.4:1,用量为单体总量的3%。 为合成新型丙烯酸类浆料,本论文将高分子的设计方法用于分析、设计浆料,通过对单体功能,浆料目标性能,浆料分子结构进行分析,认为浆料分子在无规共聚结构情况下,其性能主要依赖于单体性能和单体相对数量变化。合成浆料的水溶性、退浆性和吸湿性与分子结构中离子、极性基团有关。丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺含有强极性基团,吸湿重,不宜使用;丙烯酸含羧基,可在中性和离子之间交换,正适合浆料低吸湿、可溶需要。是浆料必备组分之一。所合成浆料粘附性、耐磨性等与浆料分子链柔顺性有关。根据分析,柔顺性要求浆料分子具有室温范围的更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, starch, PVA and acrylic size are the three kinds of sizes in Textile industry, and make great contribution to weaving. PVA can form strong film and has good performance on sizing in spite of some defections as a size. It is one of the major sizes for polyester/cotton yarns. But PVA has some problems in environmental protection, it will cause ecological contamination because it can’t be decomposed, which will lead to deposit after long period of time. And now the whole world is increasing the awareness of environmental protection and building a pattern of sustainable economy. Under this condition, PVA was abandoned in many countries, especially in developed countries. Our nation also advocate to use PVA in small quantity or not to use it. So the application of three main kinds of sizes is changing, the usage of starch and acrylic size is growing. At present, the studies focus on the denaturalization of starch and development of new acrylic size. Potential size substitution of PVA is acrylic size. Earlier acrylic size has the merits of adhesion and flexibility and demerits of hygroscope. tackiness and too soft film which limit size using in large quantity. This paper studies a new acrylic size, aiming at solving above problems and making new acrylic size to have properties higher than or as same as PVA. The new acrylic size will take place of PVA at 100% as a major size which blends with starch for sizing to polyester/cotton yams.In order to synthesize a new acrylic size, this paper make a conclusion on the parameter of the synthetical reaction through different channels. The parameters include below items: the method of placing monomers、 the whisking velocity、 the temperature and lasting time of the chemical reaction、 the choice and volume of the emulsion and the solicitation agent. List as below: will input the monomers gradually, the reaction temperature set in 80℃.Whisking velocity set in 200r/m during reaction and . The last time of the reaction set in 1.5h. Whisking will continue for 2h with the temperature unchanged. Choose （NH₄）₂SO₄ to be solicitation agent. It account for0.3%-1% of the total monomers. Choose SDS and OP-10 to be compound Emulsion. The proportion is SDS:OP-10=3.4: 1 .They account for 3%of the total monomers.In order to create new acrylic size, the method of the macromolecule designation is used to analyze and design size. After analyzing monomer function, nature, and molecule structure of size, it is showed that the performance of size depends on the properties and proportion of acrylic monomers when they copolymerized at random. The properties of water solubility, desizability and water absorpability depend on ions or polar groups in size macromolecule. Acrylonitrile and acryamid failed to be elected because of their strong polar groups, acrylic acid contains carboxyl group which can change between ion and nonion . Acrylic acid is one the essential monomers. It meet requirement of low water absorbable and water soluble on size. The adhesion and abrasion resistance of size rely on the flexibility of macromolecule chain. According to analysis If size’s Tg is under room temperature, size is flexible but not tacky, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate cause size softness. Methyl methyacrylate reduces size hardness and increases size hardness. A new-type acrylate sizing agent, which has the excellent functions of strong abrasiom good adhesion and will not be retacky, is synthesized by acrylic acid > ethyl acrylate ^ butyl acrylate and methyl methyacrylate through orthogonal design.The new-type acrylate is synthesized by acrylic acid ^ ethyl acrylate > butyl acrylate and methyl methyacrylate through orthogonal design. The monomers’ effect on the sizing performance are researched by combining parameter test with analysis of variance. The result shows that the best proportion of the above monomers is acrylic acid :ethyl acrylate :butyl acrylate : methyl methyacrylate = 15 = 50 : 20 : 10.The performance of normal acrylic size> PVA and the new acrylic are tested in this paper. Contrasted with normal acrylic size and PVA in properties, it drew a conclusion that the new acrylic size overcome the defect of the normal acrylic size, and the properties of the new acrylic size is much better than PVA, and it is a new kind of acrylic size that may take place of PVA as a major size which blends with starch for sizing to polyester/cotton yams.更多还原