【作者】 刘娜；

【导师】 熊德琪；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 油污染对海洋生物的急性毒性研究,是定量化评估油污染对海洋渔业及海洋生态环境损害的基础。本文选取海域船舶主要运输、使用的成品油,如汽油、20^#柴油、0^#轻柴油、船用0^#柴油和船用燃料油作为试验油种,对普通小球藻、卤虫等进行急性毒性试验,并以明亮发光杆菌作为辅助研究。试验结果证明五种石油成品油分散液（WAF）在低浓度时对小球藻的生长都有刺激作用,分别低于0.5、1.5、3.5、4.94和6.5mg/L。当石油浓度增大时对小球藻的生长产生毒性作用,五种油品的WAF溶液对小球藻的急性毒性顺序为:汽油>20^#柴油>0^#柴油>0^#船用柴油>船用燃料油。毒性机理研究发现,石油对小球藻的叶绿素和蛋白质含量都有影响,曝油后,脱镁叶绿素所占比例明显增加。 卤虫48h急性毒性试验研究表明,石油对卤虫的毒害主要表现在对卤虫形态、泳动次数的影响和对卤虫致死作用上。对卤虫的急性毒性顺序为:汽油>20^#柴油>0^#柴油>船用燃料油>0^#船用柴油。除汽油外的其它四种油的WAF溶液对小球藻的48hEC₅₀值小于对卤虫的48hLC₅₀值。与卤虫比较,小球藻对石油污染更加敏感。石油对发光菌的急性毒性作用主要是影响其发光率,毒性顺序为0^#船用柴油>船用燃料油。 本文选择船用0^#柴油和船用燃料油,研究使用消油剂后这两种成品油分散液（dis—WAF）对海洋生物的毒性变化,发现使用消油剂后对小球藻的急性毒性降低,相反,对卤虫和发光据的毒性有所增强。 本文还发现,石油污染对海洋生物的急性毒性影响随着时间的增加而增加。当曝油浓度不变时,受试生物的抑制率或死亡率与受试时间呈二次抛物线关系。在此基础上,建立了急性毒性试验的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系,此结果的发现对石油污染在不同时间对海洋生物的毒性影响评估很有意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studying the acute toxicity of oil is the important measure to evaluate oil pollution’s damage to marine biology. The paper selects gasoline, No.20 fuel oil, No.O fuel oil, No.O Maritime fuel oil and Maritime heavy fuel oil as oils used in experiment, selects Chlorella spp. , Artemia and Photobacterium phosphoreum T, spp as biology used in experiment. The result proves that five oils have stimulated Chlorella spp. in low concentration, followed as ≤0.5, ≤1.5,≤3.5, ≤44.94,and ≤6.5mg/L. It brings toxicity to Chlorella spp. when the concentration is increased, and the order of five WAF’s toxicity is gasoline> No.20 fuel oil> No.O fuel oil> No.O Maritime fuel oil > Maritime heavy fuel oil. The paper also finds that oils badly effects chlorophyll and protein of Chlorella spp., and the rate of phaeophytin is enhanced in studying toxicity mechanism.The experiment to Artemia is controlled in 48h. The toxicity of oils to Artemia at shape, times of swim and lethal. The order of toxicity to Artemia is gasoline> No.20 fuel oil> No.O fuel oil> Maritime heavy fuel oil > No.O Maritime fuel oil. Compare to Artemia, Chlorella spp. is sensitive to oil pollution except to gasoline at 48h. The toxicity of oils to Photobacterium phosphoreum T, spp mostly is effecting the rate of luminescence, the order of toxicity is No.O Maritime fuel oil > Maritime heavy fuel oil.The paper also discusses the toxicity of two oils(No.O Maritime fuel oil and Maritime heavy fuel oil) to marine biology after using dispersant to the two oilso It have been found rising to Chlorella spp. and declining to Artemia and Photobacterium phosphoreum T, spp.The study proves that the acute toxicity of oils to marine biology is increase with the increase of time. When the concentration is steady, there’s quadratic equations. Based on it dose-effect and time-effect relationships will be found. This result will do well to evaluate the toxicity degree of oils to marine at different time.更多还原