【作者】 薛晓红；

【导师】 白希尧；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 外来生物入侵性传播是海洋生态环境面临的四大威胁之一,海洋外来生物在新的适宜生存环境中的异常繁殖,会对近岸海域的生态系统带来灾难性破坏,甚至导致本土物种的灭绝,严重威胁海洋生态系统安全。船舶压载水是外来生物入侵最主要传播途径。如何安全有效治理船舶压载水外来生物入侵问题是目前国际海洋环境研究中的难点和热点之一。 本文针对防治海洋外来生物入侵性传播这一难题,结合国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(No.60031001)、国家重大基础研究前期研究专项(No.2002CCC00900),采用先进氧化方法羟基自由基杀灭外来海洋微生物的技术路线。探索先进氧化方法的反应机理,研究羟基自由基对细菌及小新月菱形藻杀灭情况,结果表明: 1.先进氧化方法是对传统化学思维的更新和发展,它是从源头上解决环境污染问题,避免或不用对生态环境有害、有毒的原料、溶剂、试剂以及催化剂;不产生有害、有毒的产品和副产品等,力求使化学反应具有“原子经济性”以及实现废物的零排放和零污染。 2.羟基自由基氧化能力强、反应速度快,对海洋微生物具有很强的杀灭效果,反应彻底、无有害残留物。 3.当羟基溶液比值浓度达到0.75mg/L时,就可以完全杀灭10~5个/mL的细菌;羟基自由基对小新月菱形藻有显著的杀灭效果;细胞破碎程度随着羟基比值浓度的增大而增大的;在羟基比值浓度较低(0.4mg/L左右)的情况下,羟基自由基只氧化细胞膜外物质,当羟基浓度增大到一定的浓度时(0.6mg/L左右)膜被氧化破裂,这时羟基自由基继续氧化膜内物质并使其泄漏,最终将藻细胞完全杀死。更多还原

【Abstract】 Invasive aquatic species are one of the four greatest threats to the world’s oceans. If they were introduced to the colonies, can impact extremely on environmental, economic and public health and residential health. Ballast water discharges lead to marine invasion between geographically isolated water, and are the main approach to spreading harmful microorganism. It’s a hot topic that how to treat ballast water by security and feasible method.Based on the key NSFC project (No. 60031001), NKBRSF project (No. 2002CCC00900), we use the hydroxyl kill the oceanic microorganisms, and have some research on the advanced oxidation technology mechanism, killing Nitzschia closterium and bacteria . Following as a result:1. Advance Oxidation Technology is renovate and develop for thinking of tradition chemistry. Advanced Oxidation Technologies(AOTs) have the advantages of avoiding the generation of pollutants, reducing the use of hazardous, toxic and environment-unfriendly materials, solvent and catalyst, and minimizing the production of wastes and byproduct from the headstream, therefore, Zero Pollution to the environment is realized.2. Hydroxyl radical has the advantages of strong oxidation, rapidly reaction, strong killing effect on oceanic microorganisms, and no second pollution for oceanic environment. It is consist with the standards of treating ballast water, and is the research direction.3. Hydroxide radical medicament kill all bacteria of 10~5 by 0.75mg/L. Hydroxide radical medicament takes an apparent effect on killing the unicellular life-span;Broken up degree in cell along with the aggrandizement of the Hydroxide radical a density but enlarge of;Under the lower circumstance in concentration (about 0.4mg/L) hydroxide radical medicament only oxidize the materials outside the cell membrane, while increasing to a specific level (0.6 mg/ L or so) cell membrane was oxidized broken, the Hydroxide radical oxidizes the material inside the cell membrane continuously at this time and make its leak, finally kill completely thecell of algae. Which agrees on the related index from the killing experiments that we did based on the micro view.更多还原