【作者】 范丽；

【导师】 郭平；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 RS与GPS为空间信息的采集提供了技术支持,GIS从定量的角度建立了空间信息处理与应用的理论和技术体系。但是,空间信息是复杂的,从量上来看是海量级的;从种类上看不仅包含数值型、字符型,还包括图形、图像等多种类型;并且空间信息间的相互联系是固有的。因此,对空间信息仅进行定量的研究是不够的,还必须从定性方面进行研究。结合定性推理、空间推理与人工智能产生的定性空间推理,已成为人工智能的一个研究热点。不同于空间推理研究空间对象的建模、描述、表示及其关系的分析和处理,定性空间推理面对的是空间对象的定性特征和定性关系。定性空间推理研究的是人类对几何空间中空间对象及其关系定性认知常识的表示与处理。作为空间关系的重要组成部分,空间方位关系一方面是地理信息系统数据库建立、空间特征存储、提取、查询、更新等操作的保障,另一方面它又为空间分析、辅助决策等提供了基础。因此,空间方位关系的描述与识别非常重要。在地理空间中,与空间拓扑关系相比较,空间方位关系无疑是用途更广泛、更贴近人们生活的一种空间关系,在空间信息领域应该占有更重要的地位和发挥更大的作用。但是,专家们对方位关系的研究与拓扑关系相比成果要少的多,空间方位关系在GIS软件中的应用也寥寥无几。目前,越来越多的用户已不甘于完成简单的图形查询、绘图等功能,更多的项目要求GIS具有强大分析功能,以使开发的系统为管理者提供准确及时的辅助决策和支持。现有的GIS组件只是针对空间信息和属性数据的简单操作,缺乏对空间关系的推理分析、空间关系的有效获取等功能。因此,具有空间方位推理和方位查询功能的GIS组件是GIS发展的迫切需要。本文基于二维空间对象,对定性空间关系表示与推理进行深入分析,进行了以下几方面的研究工作:(1)空间方位关系表示以空间投影模型为基础,将符合人类认知的方位关系表示模型D14映射为栅格阵列表示。栅格阵列是井字空间投影模型的简化,其应用于方位推理更直观更简单。(2)基于栅格阵列的方位推理技术LAR给出了基于栅格阵列的运算规则及推理方法,相应的栅格阵列扫描算法使运算推理的结果更符合人类认知,与人们熟悉的直观推理过程相符。(3)定性空间知识库及知识获取技术更多还原

【Abstract】 RS and GPS provide technical support for collection of spatial information, and GIS creates the theoretical and technical architecture of spatial information processing and application from the aspect of quantity. However, spatial information is complex. Considering quantity, spatial information is mass. The kinds of spatial information not only have numerical type, character type, but also have figure type and image type. The correlation between spatial information is inherent. So, quantitative research of spatial information is not enough, and qualitative research is necessary.Qualitative spatial reasoning that is generated by combining qualitative reasoning, spatial reasoning and artificial intelligence (AI) has been a hotspot in the research of AI. Different from the researches of structure, action, function and their interconnections of physical system in qualitative physics, qualitative spatial reasoning analyzes and processes the human cognition of geometric spatial common knowledge. Different from the researches of modeling, descriptions, representations, relations’analysis and processing of spatial objects in spatial reasoning researching, qualitative spatial reasoning faces to the qualitative characters and qualitative relations of spatial objects. Qualitative spatial reasoning researches representation and process of human’s qualitative cognition for spatial objects and their relations in geometric space.In geography space, compared with spatial topological relations, spatial direction relations without doubt have more abroad applications and more closed to the human’s life, they should occupy more important position and exert greater effect in spatial information field. However, experts obtain little production about direction relations than topological relations research, and there is scarcely any application applying spatial direction relations into GIS software. At present, more and more users are unsatisfied with the simple functions, such as graph query, plotting, so powerful spatial analysis is demanded for GIS in more projects in order to provide exact and timely decision for manager. The existing GIS components just only offer some simple operations with respect to spatial information and attribute data, and they are empty of powerful functions to deal with spatial relations, such as reasoning, analyzing, obtaining spatial relations. Thus, the GIS component with direction reasoning and query functions is instant demand for GIS development.Based on 2-dimensional spatial objects and profound analysis for representation更多还原