【作者】 马清花；

【导师】 刘玉存； 柴涛；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 研究吸波材料 SiC 辅助微波合成纳米 TiO₂,通过对重铬酸钾废水的光降解,初步检验在不同烧结火力和时间,添加不同量的吸波材料 SiC 三种条件下烧结出的不同样品是否成型,再借助 XRD 和 TEM 分析不同烧结火力和时间及添加不同量的吸波材料SiC 对制备纳米 TiO₂ 的晶型和粒径的影响。结果表明:只有高火才能在短时间内达到TiO₂ 的成型或转型温度。当不添加吸波材料 SiC 时,烧结成型时间大约是半小时;而添加 0.1383g 的吸波材料 SiC 后可以使烧结成型的时间缩短。SiC 的添加方式不同,导致了烧结成型的时间也不相同。制备复合 SiC/TiO₂ 粉体的烧结成型时间要比用 SiC 铺床的方法进行烧结的时间短,但 TiO₂不够纯,里面含有 C、Si 和 SiO2。但研究证明添加少量时,对 TiO₂的催化活性影响不大。梯恩梯（TNT）及黑索金（RDX）是近些年来使用最广泛的两种单体炸药,但它们均系有毒、有害物质,在其生产和使用过程中会对人类及环境造成严重危害。根据微波在水处理领域中具有快速高效、操作简单、省时节能、成本低的特点和优势,结合炸药废水的特性以及现行处理方法的诸多不足,在超细 SiC/纳米 TiO₂ 催化剂作用下,研究利用微波辐射处理 TNT、RDX 炸药废水的效果,最终确定使用微波处理 TNT、RDX 炸药废水时工艺的最佳参数。通过正交试验得出:（1）影响微波处理 TNT 废水降解的主要因素是火力;最优水平组合:中低火;作用 7min;催化比 1:1;固液比 8:1。（2）影响微波处理 RDX 废水降解的主要因素是固液比;最优水平组合:中高火;作用 5min;催化比 1:2;固液比 6:1。初步认为微波处理梯恩梯（TNT）、黑索今（RDX）废水的降解机理为:炸药分子被吸附在催化剂表面上, SiC 和纳米 TiO₂的吸波作用都很强,在微波辐射作用下,催化剂表面温度迅速升高,使炸药分子热分解,从而降解炸药分子。同时探索了炸药分子降解的历程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nano-TiO₂ powder are sintered by microwave which is assisted by absorbingmaterial SiC. The catalyst of different samples which prepared at different bakingtemperature and time and adding different quantity absorbing Material SiC were studiedby degraded potassium dichromate wastewater, in order to test samples’ catalytic activity .Also through XRD and TEM analyze the crystal structure and the particle size of TiO₂particles. The result indicates that only at high baking temperature the TiO₂ can form .Whenno have SiC ,the time of making molding is about half an hour ,while adding a quantity of0.1383g SiC ,the time will be shorter..the different ways of adding SiC will lead to thedifferent time of sintering form. The time of sintering mixing SiC/TiO₂ powers is less shorterthan the time of sintering TiO₂ in the beds made by the SiC. but TiO₂ powers are not pure andthere exists some other material,such as C、Si、SiO2.but the research indicates that addinga small quantity of SiC ,there has a little effect on the catalytic activity of TiO₂ .TNT and RDX are the most widely used two explosives in recent years.But they arenoxious and baneful.So they will must do much harm to human health and environmentsduring the preparation and application. According to microwave’ characteristic andadvantages in water treatment ,such as fast and high efficiency、simple operation、saved timeand energy 、low cost and so on .combined with explosive wastewate’ s characteristic andcurrent treatment methods’ insufficiency, under superfine SiC / nanometer TiO₂ catalystfunction, Studying on utilizing microwave radiation to deal with the result of the explosivewastewater which includes TNT wastewater and RDX wastewater, in order to confirm thebest parameters of the craft while using the microwave to deal with the explosive wastewaterindividually. By the orthorhombic experiment can be reached as follows:（1）the main factor about microwave to deal with the TNT wastewater is firepower;thebest level combination can be reached as follows: middle-low firepower, action time is7min,catalytic ratio 1:1,solid-liquid ratio 8:1.（2）the main factor about microwave to deal with the RDX wastewater is solid-liquid ratio;the best level combination can be reached as follows: middle-high firepower, action time is5min, catalytic ratio 1:2, solid-liquid ratio 6:1.The degradation mechanism about microwave to deal with the explosive wastewater ininitial: explosive numerators are absorbed on the catalyst ‘ s surface , the absorbing wave ofSiC and nanometer TiO2 are very strong, under the microwave radiation, the surfacetemperature on the catalyst heighten quickly and achieve threshold value of explosivenumerators ‘ thermal decomposition, then degrade explosive numerators. At the same time,explosive numerators’ degradation process is explored.更多还原