【作者】 安青松；

【导师】 李汛；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工程热物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着天然气的广泛应用、电力垄断的逐步解体、以及环境保护要求的不断提高,具有能量-资源利用合理、环保性能优良、冷热电负荷分配灵活等优势的冷热电三联产系统将成为中国城市一种不可缺少的能源供应模式。冷热电联产(CCHP)是一种建立在能量梯级利用概念基础上,将制冷、供热(采暖和供热水)及发电过程一体化的多联产总能系统,目的在于提高系统能源利用效率,减少CO2、SO2、NOx等有害气体的排放。本文分析了发电系统、供热系统、制冷系统等不同的能源供应方案和运行策略,包括设备的匹配、基础负荷及尖峰负荷的选择和上网并网政策,然后将它们联系起来,作为整个系统来综合考虑,并从初投资、年运行费用、火用经济系数、投资回收期这些方面进行分析以确定目标函数和约束条件,通过优化模拟,从而确定最佳的设计方案。本文在分析了整个系统的各种运行方案并考察了市场价格的基础上,建立了燃气轮机、余热锅炉、溴化锂吸收式制冷机、余热式空调机等三联供系统主要设备的价格参数数据库,得到了优化模拟的数学模型。针对冷热电三联供节能性和经济性优化模拟属于多目标规划而且是非线性的,所以本文采用了求解多目标混合最优化模型的方法——分目标乘除法。为了使优化模拟的方案具有实用性,作者还利用FORTRAN90编写了该系统的优化模拟程序的内核,而且利用VB6.0编写了整个优化模拟软件的界面,使该软件具有较高的计算效率和友好的界面。文章随后还用软件模拟了建筑面积为50,000平米天津某家大型医院的冷热电三联供系统方案的设计,用实例分析的方法具体解释了优化算法的使用。结果表明:在满足相同冷热电负荷的情况下,优化模拟后得到的设计方案较单纯以经验确定负荷的设计方案有更高的NPV值,更短的投资回收期,且前者较后者有更好的能源利用率,优化模拟对基于燃气轮机的三联供系统设计有很好的普适性。定性及定量分析的一致表明了本文提出的优化模拟方法的可行性及正确性,在实际应用中能提供有价值的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the wide application of natural gas, with the stepwise disaggregation ofelectric power monopoly, and with the constant requirement for environmentalprotection, combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) that is provided withadvantages of utilization of energy and resources rationality, perfect environmentalperformance, flexibility of cooling, heat and power load assignment, will become anindispensabily mode of energy supplies to city of China.In order to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and reduce CO2, SO2, andNOx emissions, CCHP that established the concept of energy cascade utilization is apolygeneration total energy system integrating generating electricity, cooling andheating.This paper analyzed different supplied options and operation scheme about powersystem, heating system and cooling system, which involve equipment matching, thechoice between the basic load and the peak load, the policy of on-grid power andparallel power. Then they will be connected with each other and considedcompositively as the whole system. Also the paper designed the objective functionsand the constraints by analyzing the initial investment, the running costs, the lifecircle cost and the investment recovery period. As a result, optimizing and simulatingobtain the optimal design scheme.This paper set up CCHP’s database of price parameter about gas turbine, wasterheat boiler, LiBr absorption chiller, air conditioning driven by exhaust, and planmathematical model for optimizing and simulating. Because optimize belongs to thecategory of multi-purpose programming and no-linear problem, multi-objectivemultiplication is adopted, which is arithmetic of solving multiple goalhybrid-programming models. In order to make the method more practical, the authorprogram the kernel of software by FORTRAN90, and design the interface by VB6.0,and let the software compute efficiently and have friendly interface.Then, this paper simulates a CCHP’s design about hospital with 50,000 squaremeters construction area;using application examples analyse explains the use ofsoftware. The result shows, the optimized design hold shorter investment recoveryperiod, larger NPV value and higher energy utility than the design that is planed onlyby experience, under sufficing the same cooling, heating and power load, this methodis all-purpose for design of system for combined heat, cooling and power based ongas turbine. The consistent of qualitative and quantitative analyses shows thefeasibility and validity of this method, and it provides references to practiceapplication.更多还原