【作者】 李洪波；

【导师】 王春峰； 谭琳；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 公共管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 公共物品是具有非竞争性和非排他性的产品,由于公共物品非排他性的特征,会产生“免费搭车”的问题,私人部门不愿提供。所以,应由政府提供公共物品。随着科学技术的进步,使很多公共物品的排他成为可能。因此,在生活中,纯粹的公共物品并不多见,大部分是准公共物品。由于政府的行政垄断,以及官僚体制的弊端等因素的影响,造成了政府供给的低效率,所以对于能够排他的准公共物品由私人部门与政府联合供给会更有效率。由于准公共物品具有正外部性,外在成本又很难测量和内在化,如果过多地考虑公众需要,对价格、市场准入管制过严,就会减少供给者的利润空间,加大市场进入障碍,其结果是私人部门不愿提供或者很难进入,或者提供质量很差的服务。为保证私人部门能够有效提供公共物品,政府应适当放松管制。私人部门生产的目的是为了攫取利润,如果不对私人部门提供公共物品进行政府管制,同样会产生垄断,产生低效率,因此政府应对私人部门提供公共物品的市场准入、供给价格、以及供给质量进行管制,以保证供给的公平性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The public goods are uncompetitive and nonexclusive. “Free Picker” problemwill come up because of their nonexclusiveness. Government should supply the publicgoods that private sectors are not willing to provide.Technological advance makes nonexclusiveness of lots of public good possible.Therefore, the pure public goods are not seen in reality. Because of governmentadministrative monopoly and bureaucracy cause low efficiency of governmentalsupply, provide sectors join government supplies the quasi-public goods is a goodway.Quasi-public goods have positive external character and their cost is hardlymeasured. If government considers the need of the public excessively, the profit mustbe reduced. For this reason, the private sectors do not want to supply. Therefore, thegovernment should loosen control. The target of the private sectors is profit. Monopoly and low efficiency willemerge if government do not control the private sectors produce public goods. Toensure the fairness of supply, the government should control the price and quality ofsupply of public goods.更多还原