【作者】 鲁逸人；

【导师】 赵林；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对三次采油过程中,聚合物驱采油废水聚合物浓度大,盐度高,含油高,含菌量大造成采出水回注处理困难的问题进行了研究。通过研究解决了有效去除废水中的聚合物HPAM这一关键问题。文章首先分析了可用于聚合物驱采油废水处理的方法,总结了近年来国内外对三次采油废水的研究现状。在比较了各种方法的特点后,确定以化学混凝法主要处理方法去除废水中的HPAM。然后概述了近年来无机混凝剂,有机混凝剂发展的现状,在系统研究聚合物采出液各种处理技术发展现状和混凝剂作用机理的基础上,研究了几种可用于油田采油污水的混凝剂。文章以化学混凝法为研究中心,首先分析了污水水质,总结了水质特征和稳定机理,明确了处理污水的关键在于有效去除聚合物,先后通过模拟污水实验研究了HPAM的理化性能,为混凝剂筛选作了基础研究。最后以HPAM去除率为核心标准进行了药剂筛选和混凝条件实验,并进行了石英砂强化絮凝等实验,提出了复配方案。在实验研究中,使用了扫描电镜,电子能谱,红外光谱和化学分析的方法分析了AC,PAC,PAFCS三种混凝药剂处理污水生成的沉淀物,并从理论上分析了它们和HAPM在水溶液中形成交联沉淀的过程。实验结果表明三种复配混凝剂都能达到油田回注水的标准,尤其以PAFCS,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺均聚物[P(DMDAAC/AM)]复配效果最佳,和国内现有的处理方案相比在提高HPAM去除率方面有一定的优势,且经济成本不高,出水中残余铝和铁的含量得到具备有效的控制方法,该处理工艺有一定的环保价值和工业推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wastewater produced in polymer-inproved oil recovery process byhydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) flooding in an oilfield is characterized by highHPAM concentration and viscosity, and we plan to study the problem of HPAMwastewater treatment and reinjection in oilfield by flocculation. A great quantity of literature about the recent achievement on coagulationmechanism and the research progress on inorganic polymer and organic flocculantswere reviewed. Based on the comparison of coagulation performance betweeninorganic polymer and organic polymer flocculants, some kinds of new type ofmixing flocculants was given. Three kinds of inorganic polymer flocculants (IPF)were compared, demonstrating the influence of different metallic ion. On thesynthetically reviewing working mechanism and developmental trend of producedliqudid treatment technologies, and in accordance with characteristics of polymerflood wastewater, a quantity of jar test was done. We studied the water-HPAMstable mechanism, the influence of pH value, the stirring condition, the basicity andthe best dosage of IPF, the mixing coagulants were put forward.Some analyzing technique coupling with the conventional jar test was applied tocharacterize three kinds of floc sedimented by three kinds of cationic inorganicpolymer flocculants, AC, PAC and PAFCS. By means of Scanning ElectronMicroscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron Spectrograph (XPS), Infra-Red Spectrograph(IRS) and chemical analysis, etc, formation and mechanism of HPAM moleculescrosslinking under the function of AC, PAC, PAFCS had been researched.Finally, we deeply discussed by analyzing the mechanism of coagulation.Theresults showed that the water quality, which was treated by these kinds of inorganicflocculants, can meet the effluent standard for injecting into oilfield. And mixing ofinorganic and organic polymer coagulants has the best effect.更多还原